Everything You Need To Know To Find The Best hpmc vs cmc

Cellulose derivative grafted with carboxymethyl groups

Read more

Chemical compound

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum[1] is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. It is often used in its sodium salt form, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. It used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a registered trademark of SE Tylose.[2]

Preparation

Carboxymethyl cellulose is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid.[3] The polar (organic acid) carboxyl groups render the cellulose soluble and chemically reactive.[4] Fabrics made of cellulose &#; e.g., cotton or viscose (rayon) &#; may also be converted into CMC.[5]

Following the initial reaction, the resultant mixture produces approximately 60% CMC and 40% salts (sodium chloride and sodium glycolate). This product, called technical CMC, is used in detergents.[citation needed] An additional purification process is used to remove salts to produce pure CMC, which is used for food and pharmaceutical applications.[6] An intermediate "semi-purified" grade is also produced, which is typically used in paper applications such as the restoration of archival documents.[7]

Structure and properties

Structure

CMC is a derivative of the regenerated cellulose [C6H10O5]n with hydroxy-acetic acid (hydroxyethanoic acid) CH2(OH)COOH or sodium monochloroacetate (Na[ClCH2COO]). The CMC backbone consists of D-glucose residues linked by -1,4-linkage. It has carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. It is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.[8]

Properties

CMC is a white or lightly yellow powder with no odor, flavor, or poisonous properties. It is hygroscopic and dissolves well in hot or cold water, forming a viscous solution. It is not soluble in organic solvents like methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, and benzene. The functional properties of CMC depend on the degree of substitution of the cellulose structure (i.e., how many of the hydroxyl groups have been converted to carboxymethylene groups in the substitution reaction), as well as the chain length of the cellulose backbone structure and the degree of clustering of the carboxymethyl substituents. It is commonly used as a viscosity modifier or thickener and to stabilize emulsions in various products, both food and non-food-related. It is mainly used because it has a high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic.[8]

Uses

Introduction

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in applications ranging from food production to medical treatments.[9] It is commonly used as a viscosity modifier or thickener and to stabilize emulsions in both food and non-food products. It is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic, as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter. It is also used in non-food products which include products such as toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, reusable heat packs, various paper products, filtration materials, synthetic membranes, wound healing applications, and also in leather crafting to help burnish edges.[10][11][12][verification needed]

Food science

CMC is registered as E466 or E469 (when it is enzymatically hydrolyzed). It is used for a viscosity modifier or thickener and to stabilize emulsions in various products, including ice cream, mayonnaise, and beverages. It is also used extensively in gluten-free and reduced-fat food products.[13]

CMC's variable viscosity (high while cold, and low while hot) makes it useful in the preparation of cold foods and textures in beverages and edible gels. With a DS around 1.0, it can prevent dehydration and shrinkage of gelatin while also contributing to a more airy structure. In some foods, it can be used to control oil and moisture content.[14]

CMC is used to achieve tartrate or cold stability in wine, which can prevent excess energy usage while chilling wine in warm climates. It is more stable than metatartaric acid and is very effective in inhibiting tartrate precipitation. It is reported that KHT crystals, in the presence of CMC, grow slower and change their morphology.[15][non-primary source needed][16][17][better source needed] Their shape becomes flatter because they lose 2 of the 7 faces, changing their dimensions. CMC molecules, negatively charged at wine pH, interact with the electropositive surface of the crystals, where potassium ions are accumulated. The slower growth of the crystals and the modification of their shape are caused by the competition between CMC molecules and bitartrate ions for binding to the KHT crystals.[18][17][full citation needed]

Food fraud

• Shrimp and prawns: CMC injections have been used to fraudulently increase the weight and visual appeal of shrimp and prawns so as to short-weight customers.

  [

  19

  ]

Detergent uses

CMC is a common ingredient in cleaning products because of its thickening and stabilizing properties and nontoxic composition. In detergent and cleaning products, it can be used to enhance texture and assist in the suspension of dirt and grime in the cleaning product. Its adjustable viscosity can be used to standardize the textures of the products, especially when used along with other chemicals.

CMC helps with the removal of grease and aids in the creation of small bubbles in the soap. This, along with its ability to suspend dirt in mixtures, can make soaps and other cleaning products more efficient.[20]

Textile uses

CMC is used in textiles as a thickening agent in textile printing, constituting about 2-3% of printing pastes. It is also used in fabric finishing to affect the fabric's texture. Additionally, CMC serves as a binding agent in non-woven fabrics, contributing to the strength and stability of the material. In sizing applications, about 1-3% of CMC is used to protect yarns during weaving to reduce breakages.

CMC aids in thickening printing pastes, which makes the prints themselves more precise. It is also used to thicken dyes. Additionally, it is an alternative to synthetic thickeners.[21]

Cosmetics uses

CMC is an ingredient used in over 50% of cosmetic products. As a thickening agent, it is used in formulations where viscosity needs to be precisely controlled. In hair care, about 25% of shampoos and conditioners utilize CMC for its conditioning and detangling effects. It is also used in the makeup and toothpaste industries to control the products' texture. Due to its ability to retain moisture, it is also used in skincare products. CMC serves as a film-forming agent in approximately 10% of sunscreens.

CMC aids in pigment suspension and dispersion, binding other ingredients for even distribution. CMC, when combined with Fatty Acid Ethanolamine or 2,2'-Iminodiethanol in a hair product, can form a thin film around the hair.[22]

Specific culinary uses

CMC powder is widely used in the ice cream industry, to make ice creams without churning or extremely low temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for conventional churners or salt ice mixes.[23] CMC is used in baking breads and cakes. The use of CMC gives the loaf an improved quality at a reduced cost by reducing the need for fat. CMC is also used as an emulsifier in biscuits. Dispersing fat uniformly in the dough improves the release of the dough from the molds and cutters, achieving well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges. It can also help to reduce the amount of egg yolk or fat used in making the biscuits. The use of CMC in candy preparation ensures smooth dispersion in flavor oils and improves texture and quality. CMC is used in chewing gums, margarine, and peanut butter as an emulsifier.[24]

Medical applications

CMC is also used in numerous medical applications.[25][26][27][28]

Some examples include:

1. Device for epistaxis (nose bleeding). A poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) balloon is covered by CMC knitted fabric reinforced by nylon. The device is soaked in water to form a gel, which is inserted into the nose of the balloon and inflated. The combination of the inflated balloon and the therapeutic effect of the CMC stops the bleeding.

   [

   29

   ]

2. Fabric used as a dressing following ear, nose, and throat surgical procedures.

   [

   30

   ]

3. Water is added to form a gel, and this gel is inserted into the sinus cavity following surgery.

   [

   31

   ]

In ophthalmology, CMC is used as a lubricating agent in artificial tears solutions for the treatment of dry eyes.[32]

In veterinary medicine, CMC is used in abdominal surgeries in large animals, particularly horses, to prevent the formation of bowel adhesions.[33]

Research applications

Insoluble CMC (water-insoluble) can be used in the purification of proteins, particularly in the form of charged filtration membranes or as granules in cation-exchange resins for ion-exchange chromatography.[34] Its low solubility is a result of a lower DS value (the number of carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose chain) compared to soluble CMC.[35] Insoluble CMC offers physical properties similar to insoluble cellulose, while the negatively charged carboxylate groups allow it to bind to positively charged proteins.[36] Insoluble CMC can also be chemically cross-linked to enhance the mechanical strength of the material.[37]

Moreover, CMC has been used extensively to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases (part of the cellulase complex); it is a highly specific substrate for endo-acting cellulases, as its structure has been engineered to decrystallize cellulose and create amorphous sites that are ideal for endoglucanase action.[citation needed] CMC is desirable because the catalysis product (glucose) is easily measured using a reducing sugar assay, such as 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid.[citation needed] Using CMC in enzyme assays is especially important in screening for cellulase enzymes that are needed for more efficient cellulosic ethanol conversion.[citation needed] CMC was misused in early work with cellulase enzymes, as many had associated whole cellulase activity with CMC hydrolysis.[according to whom?] As the mechanism of cellulose depolymerization became better understood, it became clear that exo-cellulases are dominant in the degradation of crystalline (e.g. Avicel) and not soluble (e.g. CMC) cellulose.[citation needed]

Other uses

In laundry detergents, it is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution.[citation needed] CMC is also used as a thickening agent, for example, in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.[citation needed]

CMC is sometimes used as an electrode binder in advanced battery applications (i.e. lithium ion batteries), especially with graphite anodes.[38] CMC's water solubility allows for less toxic and costly processing than with non-water-soluble binders, like the traditional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which requires toxic n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) for processing.[citation needed] CMC is often used in conjunction with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for electrodes requiring extra flexibility, e.g. for use with silicon-containing anodes.[39]

henggu jianxin Product Page

CMC is also used in ice packs to form a eutectic mixture resulting in a lower freezing point, and therefore more cooling capacity than ice.[40]

Aqueous solutions of CMC have also been used to disperse carbon nanotubes, where the long CMC molecules are thought to wrap around the nanotubes, allowing them to be dispersed in water.[citation needed]

In conservation-restoration, it is used as an adhesive or fixative (commercial name Walocel, Klucel).[citation needed]

Adverse reactions

Effects on inflammation, microbiota-related metabolic syndrome, and colitis are a subject of research.[41] Carboxymethyl cellulose, along with other emulsifiers, is suggested as a possible cause of inflammation of the gut [2], through alteration of the human gastrointestinal microbiota, and has been suggested as a triggering factor in inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.[42][43][non-primary source needed]

While thought to be uncommon, case reports of severe reactions to CMC exist.[44] Skin testing is believed to be a useful diagnostic tool for this purpose.[45] CMC was the active ingredient in an eye drop brand Ezricare Artificial Tears which was recalled due to potential bacterial contamination.[46]

See also

References

This article talks about the topic of hpmc vs cmc, which puzzled people so much. And introduced their definitions, characteristics and functions separately. At last, there is a conclusion of them to help people know hpmc vs cmc easily.

What is HPMC?

HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose): White or off-white fibrous and gritty powder, a solid and flammable stuff that is incompatible with strong oxidant. It is a kind of half-synthetic, inactive, viscous polymer. It is common to be used as lubricating agent for ophthalmology and be an ingredient in oral medicine. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF HPMC

1. High stability: HPMC process has relatively good stability under the wicked condition of high temperature, high humidity, acid-base and so on. It can enhance the stability of the medicine in pharmaceutic preparation. 

2. Good plasticity: HPMC could be used as adhesive and molding agent. It can help the factory produce better pharmaceutical agent because it can improve the mobility of the particle and the stability of the compression molding.

3. High grade of transparency: It can manufacture transparent solution and will not affect the appearance of the preparation due to the transparent characteristic of HPMC.

4. Good adhesion: HPMC shows good adhesion quality in aqueous solution and can be used to make preparations such as eye drops, oral medicine and oral capsule.

FUNCTIONS OF HPMC

1. Washing industry: HPMC has been widely used in the washing industry. It helps maintain the stability of various ingredients in products such as shampoo, hair conditioner and body wash. It prevents chemical components from separating during storage and transportation. That can guarantee product quality. Apart from that it can help to adjust the foam output and foam quality of the washing products which makes the products more comfortable and easy to use.

2. Construction industry: It is used as an adhesive in applying mortar, plaster, putty powder, or other building materials and is used as paste ceramic tile, marble, plastic decoration, and paste enhancer. It can improve spreading ability and extend the operating time, as well as reducing the amount of cement.

3.Pharmaceutical industries:Coating material; Membrane material; Rate-controlled polymer materials for sustained-release preparations; Stabilizer; Suspension aid; Tablet binder.

What is CMC?

CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose): A waterproof, filter and structure support and so on. It is a various particular chemical material that is widely used in medicine, food and paper manufacturing, etc. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF CMC

1. Water retention: CMC can react with water and forms an irreversible reaction, which makes the material has a good water retention quality

2. Adhesion: CMC has strong adhesive quality and could keep the stability of adhesion under different temperatures

3. Molding ability: CMC material can make various shapes

4. Filterable: CMC materials have good filterable quality 

FUNCTIONS OF CMC

1. Medicine: CMC materials are commonly used to make medicine like capsules, tablets, and so on. It has good solubility and progressive releasable ability. 

2. Food: CMC materials can be used as colloidal stabilizer, thickeners, emulsifier, etc., and widely used in beverages, juices, condiments and other food.

3. Making paper: CMC material has good adhesion, it is always used in the process of making paper, so it can improve the quality of paper and decrease the cost of production.

4. Chemical engineering: CMC material can be used in the preparation of thickening agent, emulsifier, anti-seepage agent and other chemical products, widely used. As a kind of green and environmentally friendly chemical material, CMC material is being more and more widely used in all kinds of industries. In the future, with the continuous advance of technology, the application field of CMC materials will be broader.

HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose) and CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) are both cellulose-based substances commonly used in various industries. Here are some differences between HPMC VS CMC:

Chemical structure: Both HPMC and CMC are derivatives of cellulose, but their chemical structures differ slightly. 

HPMC is a modified form of cellulose that has been chemically treated with propylene oxide, while CMC is obtained by reacting alkali-cellulose with chloroacetic acid.

Solubility: HPMC dissolves in water to form a clear solution whereas CMC forms a gel-like substance when it comes into contact with water.

3. Viscosity: The viscosity of HPMC is higher than that of CMC for the same concentration at the same temperature.

4. Applications: HPMC is widely used in construction materials like cement mortar, tile adhesive, etc.

In contrast, CMC finds extensive applications in the food industry as an emulsifier or stabilizer because of its high solubility in water.

Overall, both these substances have unique properties that make them useful for different purposes depending on the specific needs of each application area.