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CAS 7664-38-2 is the Chemical Abstracts Service number for phosphoric acid. Understanding its properties is essential for safe handling and effective applications in various industries.
Phosphoric acid is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid with a slightly syrupy consistency. It is a mineral acid with the formula H₃PO₄, commonly used in fertilizers, food flavoring, and as a rust remover.
Phosphoric acid has several notable physical properties. It has a boiling point of about 158 °C (316 °F) and a melting point of around 42.35 °C (108.23 °F). In terms of solubility, it mixes well with water and is considered hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air. The density of phosphoric acid is approximately 1.885 g/cm³.
Chemically, phosphoric acid is classified as a weak acid. It can donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a solution, which makes it useful in various chemical reactions. It reacts with bases to form phosphates and can interact with metals, reducing them in some cases. Phosphoric acid can also act as a dehydrating agent in certain conditions.
Phosphoric acid has a wide range of applications. In agriculture, it is primarily used in the production of phosphate fertilizers, which are crucial for plant growth. In the food industry, it serves as an acidity regulator and flavor enhancer in soft drinks and processed foods. Additionally, it is used in the pharmaceutical industry for producing various medications and in dental applications for etching dental surfaces.
Safe handling of phosphoric acid requires understanding its hazards. It is corrosive and can cause severe burns if it comes into contact with skin or eyes. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, when working with this chemical. Ensure proper ventilation in the workspace and store it in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials like strong bases or reactive metals.
Phosphoric acid can have environmental impacts if not managed properly. It can contribute to water pollution if discharged improperly. Therefore, it is essential to follow regulations regarding disposal and consider using it in controlled applications to mitigate its environmental footprint.
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