A concrete admixture refers to materials other than water, aggregates, cementitious materials and fibre reinforcements that are added to a cementitious mixture to modify its properties. It is generally added before or during the mixing process.
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Admixtures are usually liquids and added in very small quantities to the concrete while it is being mixed. There are different types of additives depending on how they affect freshly mixed or hardened concrete. They are concrete deflocculants, plasticizers, air-entraining agents, water-repellent admixtures, setting retarders and accelerators.
Set retarding concrete admixtures are used to delay the chemical reaction that takes place when the concrete begins to set. Retarding additives are also used to reduce the effect of high temperatures that can hasten the setting process.
Set retarding admixtures are also used in concrete pavements as it increases the finishing time of concrete thereby reducing additional costs associated with placing a new concrete batch plant on a job site. Retarders can also be used to prevent cracking due to form deflection that can happen when horizontal slabs are placed horizontally in sections.
Air-entrained concrete can increase the freeze-thaw durability of concrete thereby making it more workable. The entrained air bubbles act as a shield against the cracking caused by stresses from water augmentation in freezing temperatures. Air entrainers are compatible with all types of concrete admixtures.
Water-reducing admixtures are chemical products when added to concrete create a slump at a lower water-cement ratio than what is normally expected. Water reducing admixtures are used to obtain a specific concrete strength using lower cement content.
Accelerating admixtures are used either to increase the strength of concrete or reduce its setting time. Calcium Chloride is the most commonly used accelerator although it can increase the corrosion rate of steel.
The main purpose of using plasticizers is to create flowing concrete with a high slump within the range of seven to nine inches to be readily used in heavily reinforced structures and in areas where consolidation by vibration cannot be easily achieved.
Vinplast 245 is a low molecular weight acrylic copolymer salt that is widely used in the construction industry as a concrete additive. Being specially designed for water reduction and improved workability, it can replace (Polycarboxylate Ether) in the admixture by 10% and offers many advantages like cost-reduction and improved product performance
Generally added before or during mixing, they can either increase the strength of the mix, accelerate it or slow down its curing process as necessary.
Newer types of admixtures are being researched today. Some provide environmental benefits and reduce pollution by reducing the need for Portland cement. As these poylmers begin to gain more acceptance, they are highly likely to play a larger role in the construction of buildings, roads and other concrete structures in the near future.
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Over the past few years, the construction industry has experienced tremendous growth and development. This has necessitated the development of modern admixtures and additives. Additives and admixtures for concrete are chemical substances added to concrete to improve its physical and chemical properties. These components represent a wide array of products with varying chemical properties.
The main difference between admixtures and additives is the stages at which the substances are added to concrete or cement. Additives are added in the cement manufacturing process, while the addition of admixtures is done when making concrete mixtures.
Additives are added to cement during manufacturing to improve its properties. Typically, the raw materials involved in cement manufacture include alumina, lime, iron oxide, and silica. After mixing, the materials are heated to about to allow the cement to achieve its final chemical properties.
Admixtures for concrete can be of two types, organic and inorganic compounds. Multifunctional admixtures are those that modify more than one physical or chemical properties of the concrete mixture. There is a wide variety of admixtures available for modifying different aspects of concrete. Admixtures can be classified into:
These are compounds that function as plasticizers, which reduce the water content of a concrete mix by as much as 5% without changing its consistency. Water reducing admixtures are typically polycyclic derivatives or phosphates. When added, these admixtures increase the compressive strength of a concrete mix by making it more plastic. This kind of admixture is commonly used with floor and road concrete.
These are superplasticizers, mostly polymer concrete admixtures that reduce water content by as much as 40%. With these admixtures, the porosity of the mixture is decreased, therefore improving its strength and durability. These admixtures are usually utilized for self-compacting and sprayed concrete.
Concrete usually takes time to change from plastic to a hardened state. Polyethylene glycols, chlorides, nitrates, and metal fluorides are usually used to make these kinds of admixtures. These substances can be added to a concrete mix to shorten the time it takes to bond and set.
These admixtures are used to make air-entrained concrete mixtures. They enable the incorporation of air bubbles into the concrete mixture hence improving properties such as durability and strength by altering the freeze-thaw of the cement.
Unlike accelerating admixtures that shorten bonding and setting, retarding admixtures increase the time concrete takes to set. Such admixtures do not change the water-cement ratio but use metal oxides and sugars to physically hinder the binding process.
Concrete additives and admixtures are currently the best performing product category of construction chemicals. At Bisley, we work with local and multinational admixture companies to ensure that our clients get the best products for their construction activities. Visit our website to view and purchase the most effective and trusted concrete additives and concrete admixtures globally.
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