A concrete accelerator is an additive that reduces the set time or increases the strength development/ hardening rate when added to concrete, grout, or mortar. Common accelerators include inorganic compounds such as silicate, triethanolamine, carbonates, soluble chlorides, and fluorosilicates.
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Depending on their performance, concrete accelerators are divided into various groups. They include:
A set accelerator is a mortar or concrete admixture used to shorten the setting time of cement by enhancing its hydration. They act as catalysts during the hydration process. The hydration reaction products accumulate continuously until all of the water or the cement in the mixture is exhausted.
Hardening accelerators increase the early strength of mortar and concrete without changing the final strength and the initial workability. These accelerators are typically used in construction projects where very early access to pavements or early stripping of shuttering is required. They are typically used with water reducers, mainly in cold conditions.
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is one of the most popular and effective concrete accelerators. CaCl2 can enhance cement hydration, shorten the setting time and exhibit hardening properties.
Some of the benefits of calcium chloride include the following:
These benefits help produce high-quality concrete within a short turnaround time. Using Calcium Chloride for concrete acceleration significantly facilitates job completion as economically and quickly as possible. Calcium chloride is the quickest and cheapest accelerator, but it is not ideal for reinforcements since it can easily corrode.
Calcium nitrate is used in concrete and mortar as a multipurpose additive: a long-term strength enhancer, antifreeze admixture, plasticizer, and set accelerator. The effectiveness of calcium nitrate as a set accelerator depends on the cement type. Typically it works effectively on liquid ordinary Portland cement (OPC) systems.
Calcium formate is in dry mix systems as a setting accelerator. It has two main benefits; reducing setting time and avoiding slowing down condensation speed in winter constructions. It also contributes to the early strength development in dry mix systems.
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A cement accelerator is an admixture for the use in concrete, mortar, rendering or screeds. The addition of an accelerator speeds the setting time and thus cure time starts earlier.[1] This allows concrete to be placed in winter with reduced risk of frost damage.[2] Concrete is damaged if it does not reach a strength of 500 pounds per square inch (3.4 MPa) before freezing.[3]:&#;19&#;
Typical chemicals used for acceleration today are calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), calcium nitrite (Ca(NO2)2), calcium formate (Ca(HCOO)2) and aluminium compounds. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is the most efficient and least expensive accelerator[4] and was formerly very popular. However, chloride anions are very corrosive for the steel of the reinforcement bars (rebars) so its use is no longer recommended[5] and in many countries actually prohibited. This de facto caution comes from the fact that chloride anions cause severe pitting corrosion of steel rebars. As the local corrosion of a rebar can lead to its rupture, it can compromise the tensile strength of reinforced concrete and so the structural stability of an edifice. Thiocyanate compounds can also corrode reinforcing but are safe at recommended dosage levels.[6] Sodium compounds might compromise the long term compressive strength[7] if used with alkali-reactive aggregates.[3]:&#;6&#;
Novel alternatives include cement based upon calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA), which sets within 20 minutes, and develops sufficient rapid strength that an airport runway can be repaired in a six-hour window, and be able to withstand aircraft use at the end of that time, as well as in tunnels and underground, where water and time limitations require extremely fast strength and setting.[8]
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