William writes...
I have an iron oxide pigment sample which has to be analyzed for Pb and As by ICP. The levels of those two are expected to be less than 10 ppm. How would I go about doing this?
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Dear William,
This is a tough one. The pigment is most likely an ignited oxide and is very resistant to acid dissolution.
First, you'll want to "open out" the structure. I like the use of sodium carbonate for this purpose. You mix a 2:1 ratio of high purity (5-9s) sodium carbonate (1:1 may also work just as well) with the pigment-mix as completely as possible. Then heat the sample to °C in a muffle furnace for 15 minutes. In this case, the opening out procedure does not result in a genuine melt but rather a sintered lump which should subsequently dissolve very quickly. Please note that As loss has been reported in some carbonate fusions. These reports may not be valid due to the difficulty of making an As measurement, etc. Method validation through spike recovery (or analysis of a NIST SRM if available) would be necessary.
The measurement of the Pb and As by ICP-OES can be attempted, but I do not give it much of a chance &#; too much of a spectrum from the Fe. I would prefer you dissolve the melt in dilute nitric and measure the As and Pb using ICP-MS or GFAA. The MS detection limits should be < 1 ppb (in the ppt range) but be careful of ion quenching, i.e., dilute the fused sample (assuming 1 gram sample + 2 grams carbonate) up to gram with DI water in leached LDPE bottle (preleached with nitric). If the Pb is 1 ppm in the spl then it will be 1 ppb in the sample solution. Confirm absence of severe sensitivity loss due to ion quenching through analysis of synthetic or known blank pigment. The GFAA alternate may be easier in the final analysis, especially if the MS acts up.
Please feel free to call with any questions and the best of luck to you.
Serving you in chemistry,
Paul R. Gaines, Ph.D.
CEO of Inorganic Ventures & Fellow Chemist
DISCLAIMER: Advice offered by the chemists at Inorganic Ventures is intended for the individual posing the question. Feel free to contact us to verify whether these suggestions apply to your unique circumstances.
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Iron Oxide Pigments Market Insight:
Iron oxide pigments are the chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen, which find applications in paints and coatings, concrete, tiles, plastics, paper, and others. According to Researcher, the global Iron oxide pigments market is expected to witness a considerable growth rate during the forecast period. The major factors responsible for the growth of the global iron oxide pigments market are the increasing urbanization and growing construction industry, especially in the Asia-Pacific and Middle Eastern regions. Another factor driving the market for iron oxide pigments includes the increasing demand from the coatings industry. However, the market is expected to be hindered by the availability of low-cost products by medium-scale producers with moderate quality and the fluctuation in the prices of the raw materials.
The ongoing growth in the urbanization and construction industry, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, is likely to drive the consumption of iron oxide pigments. The rate of urbanization in the Asia-Pacific region is around 1.5% per year, the highest in the world. It is estimated that by the year , over half of the population in the region will be urban. In , more than half of the worldâ&#;&#;s population lived in urban areas, and the urban population is estimated to reach 2.5 billion by the year . These trends are mainly observed in Asian countries.
According to the United Nations, as of , 33 megacities in the world require planned habitation for the rapidly growing urban population. More than 50% of the global GDP is generated in cities, and urbanization can lead to sustainable growth if managed well by increasing productivity. Urbanization has expanded immensely in recent years. Due to urbanization, there has been a rise in the number of construction projects, high-rise buildings, and other construction types. Thus, as urbanization rapidly increases, the number of construction projects increases, leading to the growth in the usage of iron oxide pigments.
Chemists at Washington University have successfully transformed ordinary red brick into a battery by injecting gases that enable the material to store electricity. The brick-battery depends on the iron oxide pigment present in the brick to produce a network of plastic fibers. These microscopic fibers coat the empty spaces inside the bricks and conduct electricity.
The outbreak of COVID-19 and imposed lockdowns and restrictions on the full-functioning of supply chains has led to the decline in the revenues generated by the companies in the first two quarters. is an uneasy year for the iron oxide pigments industry. The industry is in eventful autumn. From the beginning of this year to the present, the price of raw material, energy costs, labor costs, etc., have been affected by the "pause button" of the prevention and control of the coronavirus pandemic and the suspension of production. The rise has brought an unprecedented blow to the development of enterprises. The high costs that enterprises need to bear have seriously affected the daily operation and product development of enterprises and greatly weakened the competitiveness of my country's iron oxide pigments in the global market.
The global Iron Oxide Pigments market is segmented on the basis of Type and End-User Industry. The type segment is further segmented as Synthetic and Natural and the end-use segment is further segmented as Construction, Coatings, Plastic, Paper, and Others. In terms of type, synthetic iron oxide pigment dominated the market over natural iron oxide pigments with a share of about 72% globally.
Construction is the largest end-user of iron oxide pigments. In the construction industry, they are used as a colorant and also to enhance the properties of concrete and other cementitious products. Iron oxide pigments can produce vibrant and durable colors in concrete. Iron oxide pigments are tested and certified by the American Society for the Testing of Materials to be light-fast, insoluble, and alkali resistant (ASTM C-979), i.e., iron oxide pigments do not deteriorate over time and will be readily visible in the concrete. Owing to their small size (ten times smaller than cement particles), iron oxide pigments disperse in the mix and give the appearance of uniform coloration.
Iron oxide pigments do not affect the strength of concrete when used in standard doses. In addition to this, they offer benefits to the concrete contractor, architect, ready mix concrete producer, and manufactured concrete product producer. Iron oxide pigments are capable of drastically improving the value of concrete. With the addition of color, concrete gets more attractive aesthetically and provides color-related properties such as solar reflectiveness. Iron oxide pigments are an invaluable tool in the construction industry, lending earth tone hues and a number of other beneficial characteristics to producers and users, such as reduced dust, improved flowability, and reduced product.
Based on geography, the global Iron oxide pigments Market is segmented into Asia Pacific, North America, South America, Europe, and Middle East & Africa. The Asia Pacific region was found to be dominating the global pigments market, owing to the presence of vast construction industry and planned infrastructure projects in the region.
The United States is the world's largest economy. The country's GDP has decreased at an annual rate of 5% in the first quarter and 9.5% in the second quarter of due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. In , residential construction, in which iron oxide pigments are commonly used to color concrete block and brick, roofing tiles, and ready-mixed concrete, remained about the same during the first three quarters of compared with that of the same period in . Housing starts decreased slightly. According to Associated General Contractors of America, construction is a major contributor to the US economy. The construction industry has more than 680,000 employers with over 7 million employees and creates nearly USD 1.3 trillion worth of structures each year. The construction industry in the region is growing due to a strong economy and positive market fundamentals for commercial real estate, along with an increase in federal and state funding for public works and institutional buildings.
In , construction spending in the first two months combined increased 8% from the same period in , spurred by a 13% jump in single-family construction, an 11% rise in public construction, and the lowest 1% increase in private non-residential spending. Moreover, growing infrastructure activities in the United States, which is one of the major consumers of architectural coatings, is further boosting the market for iron oxide pigments. The construction industry in the United States continued to expand, owing to a strong economy and positive market fundamentals for commercial real estate, along with an increase in federal and state funding for public works and institutional buildings. The iron oxide pigments market in the country is mainly driven by rising investment in the residential construction segment and growing demand for remodeling old buildings. However, due to the ongoing global crisis and the pandemic, the demand in the region will be on the lower side in the year due to the dampening of construction activities.
In , the global iron oxide market was found to be partially consolidated. Major key players in the market were found to be Lanxess, Venator Materials Plc, BASF SE, and Ferro Corporation among others.
Our Global Iron Oxide Pigment Market research report provides deep insight into the current and future state of the Iron Oxide Pigments market across various regions. Also, the study comprehensively analyzes the Iron Oxide Pigments market by segments based on Type (Synthetic and Natural), End-use (Construction, Coatings, Plastic, Paper, and Others), and by Geography (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, and Middle-East and Africa). The report examines the market drivers and restraints, along with the impact of Covid-19 are influencing the market growth in detail. The study covers & includes emerging market trend, market developments, market opportunities, market size, market estimates, market forecast, market swot analysis, market dynamics, and challenges in the industry. This report also covers extensively researched competitive landscape sections with profiles of major companies including their market share and projects.
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The analysis of the Global Iron Oxide Pigments market offers an introductory glimpse into the industry, covering fundamental aspects such as definitions, classifications, applications, and the structural chain within the sector. The report conducts an extensive assessment of the Market Share within the Global Iron Oxide Pigments market, detailing its progression patterns, competitive environment, and the developmental status across pivotal regions worldwide. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the formulation of development policies and plans, as well as thoroughly examines manufacturing procedures and cost frameworks. The report furnishes crucial insights into import/export consumption, supply-demand dynamics, cost structures, pricing, revenue generation, and gross margins. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive analysis of each manufacturer's Iron Oxide Pigments production sites, production capacities, ex-factory pricing, generated revenue, and market shares within the global landscape.
The research report undertakes an in-depth scrutiny of the Iron Oxide Pigments market, emphasizing the driving forces propelling its growth, potential opportunities that may fuel future expansions, and barriers that could hinder progress. Leveraging historical and forecasted data, the report offers valuable insights into these factors. Furthermore, it profiles key companies operating in the industry, detailing their product portfolios, business standing, market shares, financial performance, regional contributions, segment revenues, SWOT analysis, and strategic maneuvers (such as mergers and acquisitions, product developments, joint ventures, partnerships, expansions), in addition to their latest developments. The study also highlights a roster of emerging players making an impact in the Iron Oxide Pigments market.
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Table of Content:
1. Executive Summary
2. Research Scope and Methodology
2.1 Aim & Objective of the study
2.2 Market Definition
2.3 Study Information
2.4 General Study Assumptions
2.5 Research Phases
3. Market Analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Market Dynamics
3.2.1 Drivers
3.2.2 Restraints
3.3 Market Trends & Developments
3.4 Market Opportunities
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3.5 Feedstock Analysis
3.6 Regulatory Policies
3.7 Trade Scenario
3.8 Analysis of Covid-19 Impact
4. Industry Analysis
4.1 Supply Chain Analysis
4.2 Porterâ&#;&#;s Five Forces Analysis
4.2.1 Competition in the Industry
4.2.2 Potential of New Entrants into the Industry
4.2.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.2.4 Bargaining Power of Consumers
4.2.5 Threat of substitute products
5. Market Segmentation & Forecast
5.1 By Type
5.1.1
Synthetic
5.1.2 Natural
5.2 By End-use
5.2.1 Construction
5.2.2 Coatings
5.2.3 Plastic
5.2.4 Paper
5.2.5 Others
6. Regional Market Analysis
6.1 North America
6.1.1 United States
6.1.2 Canada
6.1.3 Mexico
6.2 Europe
6.2.1 Germany
6.2.2 United Kingdom
6.2.3 Italy
6.2.4 France
6.2.5 Spain
6.2.6Rest of Europe
6.3 Asia-Pacific
6.3.1 China
6.3.2 India
6.3.3 Japan
6.3.4 South Korea
6.3.5 Rest of Asia-Pacific
Continued . . .
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