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A trocar is a versatile, specialized surgical device that proves useful in a variety of procedures. They are best known for their application in laparoscopic (also known as keyhole) surgery. By using a trocar, a surgeon is able to access the abdomen or peritoneal cavity. Physicians also employ trocars in treating ascites and hydrothorax, and for the implantation of slow-release hormone pellets beneath the skin. Embalmers use trocars to remove fluids and gas from the bodies of the descendants they prepare.
Every trocar consists of three parts.
There is a cannula, the shaft pushed through the skin and subdermal tissue to reach a body cavity.
There is also a seal at the top of the cannula. The seal ensures that gasses do not escape from the body cavity the cannula reaches. Maintaining air pressure inside the body is essential to the surgeon's ability to visualize the tissues being operated on. The seal also allows the surgeon to pass instruments and excised tissue through the cannula.
At the opposite end of the trocar, there is an obturator. This is the mechanism that allows the trocar to make the initial penetration into the cavity the surgeon wishes to reach.
Nineteenth-century English physician Reginald S. Southey (-99) studied medicine at The London School of Medicine and Dentistry while he was also a student at Christ Church, Oxford. He pursued further studies at St. Bartholomew&#;s Hospital, as well as in Continental Europe, before an appointment to the Hospital for Diseases of the Chest in London, where he developed a special interest in treating diseases of the kidneys.
When Southey began practicing medicine, all the major cities had metalsmiths available to make surgical tools for individual surgeons on request. Doctors would experiment with modifications of their surgical tools to achieve better outcomes for their patients. After several successes, the doctor would then get an instrument maker to build a prototype. If the new instrument proved successful, or the doctor was influential, then instrument makers across the city would make copies of the prototype.
Dr. Southey spent the major part of his time as a working member of the "Lunacy Commission," a forerunner of a modern psychiatric department, but he had a large number of patients who suffered from anasarca, an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space.
Anasarca results from capillary filtration in excess of lymphatic drainage. The condition frequently caused accumulation of fluid in the lower limbs in both sexes, scrotal swelling in males, and deep, weeping venous ulcers if it were left untreated. Before Southey, the most common treatment for the condition was to wrap the skin in tight cloth bandages, so tight that they made movement difficult or impossible.
Southey observed that skin blisters caused by anasarca leaked fluid. He reasoned that draining fluid from the tissues beneath skin ulcerations might relieve the disease. Southey inserted a rigid tube under the skin, attaching it to a rubber hose that drained fluid into a bowl. The procedure was successful, so he refined his design, adding a trocar and a very thin cannula. He replaced the rubber tubing with a silver pipette so it could be reused.
Subsequent modifications to the design made trocars even easier to use. They were miniaturized so doctors could carry them in their pockets. They became the standard of care for treating ascites.
Dr. Southey even used his invention on himself. The son of England's foremost authority on treating tuberculosis, Southey contracted the disease early in life. In , Southey reported to the Clinical Society of London that he had used his trocar on himself, inserting drainage tubes into this chest that allowed him to continue working.
Twenty-first century trocars can be divided into two main groups:
Cutting trocars have a sharp plastic or metal blade that cuts through layers of tissue as pressure is applied. They are designed for easy entry into subcutaneous (usually abdominal) cavities.
Dilating trocars have a blunt tip for dilating and separating tissues when pressure is applied. These non-cutting trocars are intended to minimize the risk of injury to internal organs in surgical procedures.
There is a tremendous variety of instruments within these two categories to provide the features specialists require. There are trocars with camera ports, working ports, retraction ports, and static ports. For straightforward surgical procedures, such as diagnostic laparoscopy, an optic trocar with a 5 mm port is more than adequate for lighting and control. When removal of large masses requires a morcellator, a trocar with a 12 mm port is likely to be adequate.
Disposable cutting trocars are growing in popularity. They offer a guaranteed-sharp tip and are also guaranteed sterile with no risk of cross contamination.
Abdominal laparoscopic surgery has become the iconic application of the trocar. Laparoscopy is indicated as a tool of diagnosis when less-invasive procedures, such as computed tomography and ultrasound, fail to yield a definitive diagnosis. Surgeons use trocars to perform laparoscopic procedures to examine:
The appendix,
The bowel (both small intestine and large intestine),
The gallbladder,
The liver,
The pancreas,
The pelvic cavity, and
Female reproductive organs.
Surgeons can use laparoscopy to assess the progress of treatment and the staging of diseases. Laparoscopy also allows for a minimal incision when removing gallstones, fibromas, and benign and cancerous tumors of most kinds. The ability to operate on the abdomen with a small incision minimizes time under anesthesia, accelerates recovery, and usually eliminates scarring. Patients recover much faster from laparoscopic procedures than from conventional open-incision surgical procedures.
Another popular application of the trocar is the insertion of slow-release hormone pellets for treatment of male and female endocrine disorders. Use of a modern trocar allows insertion of the hormone through the smallest possible incision. Small incisions reduce trauma to the skin, since the cannula cannot move around during the procedure.
When the pellet is inserted through an incision no wider than 5 mm, there is no need to stitch the fascia binding tissue beneath the skin, and the already-small risk of hernia is reduced even further.
Trocar Supplies is a specialist supplier of trocar for the placement of extended-release hormones. We feature products that minimize skin damage, reducing infection risk, and leaving patients with a minimum of discomfort.
Trocar Supplies offersdisposable trocars just 3.2 mm wide, for deep or shallow insertion. Also, available is a reusable 3.5 mm stainless steel bevel tip, to be autoclaved between uses. Trocar Supplies also sells disposable medical tray kits and trocar wrap kits.
Today's society has a wide variety of patients, some of whom are easily cured without much treatment. In contrast, others need to be treated surgically, and the instruments used during surgery become an essential part of the process. This article will take you through the criteria and methods for testing disposable punctures in laparoscopic surgery.
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A disposable Trocar comprises two parts: the puncture trocar and the puncture core. The main task of the puncture core is to penetrate the abdominal wall together with the puncture trocar and leave the puncture trocar on the abdominal wall. The main task of the puncture trocar is to allow various surgical instruments to enter the abdominal cavity, allowing surgical operations to be performed.
1. What kind of disposable Disposable Trocar is considered qualified?
Need to comply with YYT - disposable Disposable Trocar standard development, disposable Disposable Trocar physical properties of the main test: sheath cap and puncture sleeve connection firmness, and whether the disposable Disposable Trocar has a good gas barrier and sealing. Using professional instruments such as an abdominal Disposable Trocar connection firmness tester, Disposable Trocar sealing and gas barrier tester, and Disposable Trocar can be tested for various specifications: 5.5mm, 10.5mm, 12.5mm internal diameter, etc.
2. air resistance and sealing test instrument of Disposable Trocar.
The air-tightness and air-barrier tester is mainly used to determine the physical characteristics of the air-tightness and air-barrier of the Disposable Trocar, which is one of the important means to identify the physical properties of the air-tightness and air-barrier of the Disposable Trocar. It applies to disposable puncture sets, infusion sets, blood transfusion sets, infusion needles, anesthesia kit filters, pipelines, catheters, quick connectors, etc.
(1) Disposable Trocar sealing and gas barrier tester test procedure.
(a) The head end of the disposable Disposable Trocar is connected to the pressure device to ensure no leakage at the connection.
(b) Close the puncturer's air injection valve and block the puncture cannula's side holes and the air holes at the end of the puncture needle.
(c) Place the Disposable Trocar flat in the water container, with the highest point on the outer surface of the Disposable Trocar about 5 cm above the water surface, and fill the head end of the device with 4 kPa pressure gas.
(d) Pull out the needle and hold it under the pressure of 4KPA for 1 minute. Record the number of air bubbles. The needle should have good air resistance, the air pressure should be 4kPa, and the air bubbles should be less than 20.
(2) Disposable Trocar sealing performance test steps.
(a) Disposable Trocar head end connected to the pressure device to ensure the connection is not leaking.
(b) close the disposable Disposable Trocar gas injection valve, and block the side hole of the puncture cannula and the air hole at the end of the puncture needle.
(c) Place the needle flat on the water container. The highest point on the outer surface of the needle is about 5 cm from the water's surface. Inject 4 KPA pressure gas from the tip for 1 minute. The needle should have a good seal, 4 KPA pressure, and no leakage.
The above is about the disposable Disposable Trocar test standards and methods. If you need a more detailed understanding, you are welcome to contact us!