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The present invention relates to pesticide field, be specifically related to the auxiliary agent in a kind of pesticide field, relate to more specifically the preparation method for the alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution of inert ingredient.
Background technology
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (or alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate), is called for short calcium salt, code name " No. 500, agriculture breast ".It is a kind of oil soluble aniorfic surfactant with good emulsifying property, can be used as the auxiliary agent of most of agricultural chemicals with the be mixed mixed emulsifier that makes of nonionic surface active agent.That countries in the world produce most important kind in aniorfic surfactant for agricultural chemicals.
Calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, its structural formula is as follows
The sterling of calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate is solid, is mixed and is only processed into solution and just can be mixed evenly with nonionic surface active agent.Because it belongs to oil soluble aniorfic surfactant, almost insoluble in water, but in alcohols, have good solubility, wherein in methyl alcohol, solvability is fine, add that methanol prices is low, therefore calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate product generally be take methyl alcohol as solvent, make calcium salt methanol solution.The quality index of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution is referring to table 1 at present.
Table 1
Alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate generally has following two kinds of synthetic methods:
1. alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) (abbreviation sulfonic acid) makes with calcium hydroxide neutralization reaction
2. alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and calcium carbonate neutralization reaction make
Above-mentioned synthetic method mainly adopts following three kinds of steps:
1. by alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) solubilizing agent methyl alcohol (or ethanol) and calcium hydroxide neutralization, concentrate and make after filtration.
(consult the < < farm chemical emulgent > > Chemical Industry Press being write by Historic Area of Zhongshan in Nanjing City chemical plant and publish nineteen eighty-two, this book 115-116 page).
2. by alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) solubilizing agent methyl alcohol and calcium hydroxide, neutralize, through sedimentation layering, refilter concentrated making.
(this method is the production method of Japanese Dong Bang KCC).
3. by alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) solubilizing agent methyl alcohol and calcium carbonate neutralization, concentrate and make after filtration.
Layering and filtration for ease of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, above three kinds of production stages all add a large amount of methyl alcohol, feed ratio is alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS): methyl alcohol=1:2, make in the filtrate of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution working substance alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) calcium contents at 30-35%, filter out unreacted calcium carbonate and other solid impurity, all to boil off a part of methyl alcohol by concentrated, make the effective component content of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution reach correlated quality index.When concentrated, need to use thickening equipment-concentrated still kettle and condenser etc., need to use the energy consumptions such as a large amount of water, electricity, steam, increased cost, and the production time be long.
Summary of the invention
The invention reside in provides a kind of and not only can guarantee that in alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, effective component content is 58 – 72%, can also reduce material consumption energy consumption, reduces the method that production stage and the single stage method of production time are prepared alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Single stage method is prepared the method for alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, and its raw material comprises following material according to parts by weight meter:
1 part of alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS);
Calcium carbonate 0.15-0.19 part;
Mass concentration is 0.67 part of the methanol aqueous solution 0.46-of 82-88%.
Adopt above-mentioned raw materials material to prepare the method for alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, comprise the steps:
(1) alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and calcium carbonate are joined in methanol solution, in being not more than under the condition of 60 ℃, react 50-90 minute;
(2) material obtaining in step (1) is filtered, gained filtrate is the alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution that effective component content is 58 – 72%.
The formed methanol gas of reaction in step (1) is carried out to one-level condensation, the liquid obtaining after one-level condensation flow to Methanol Recovery groove, methanol gas remaining after one-level condensation is carried out B-grade condensation, and the liquid after B-grade condensation flow to Methanol Recovery groove, and the gas after B-grade condensation is discharged.
In step (1), alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and calcium carbonate are joined in methanol solution, under the condition of 50-60 ℃, react 50-90 minute.Temperature of reaction during higher than 60 ℃ methyl alcohol easily vaporization cause loss, temperature is too low, reaction is slow and need the increase time, therefore under the condition of 50-60 ℃, react 50-90 minute more suitable.
During filtration, pressure is high, and filtration time is short, but hypertonia can be pressed filter cloth logical damaging by pressure, and the pressure while preferably filtering is 0.05-0.3MPa.
Time during filtration is 40-150 minute, and filtering the alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution obtaining is 60 types.
Time during filtration is 100-240 minute, and filtering the alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution obtaining is 70 types.
Alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution of the present invention adopts alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and calcium carbonate to react and make by filtration in methanol solution, and gained filtrate reach the desired content of product, do not need to concentrate.Not only can guarantee the quality of product, can also reduce material consumption energy consumption, reduce production stage and production time, greatly improve output.
Because the boiling point of methyl alcohol is 65 ℃, and the methanol gas forming in ℃ reaction of temperature of reaction≤60 of the present invention is few, then by condensed in two stages, methanol gas is substantially recyclable.If but adopted existing enrichment process, its concentrated temperature must surpass 65 ℃ of the boiling points of methyl alcohol, even if methanol gas by condensed in two stages, still has minimum gas discharge.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
1. in preparation method of the present invention, the consumption of methyl alcohol reduces greatly, three kinds of methods are in the past because first making rare calcium salt (content is at 30-35%), feed ratio is alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS): methyl alcohol=1:2, and feed ratio of the present invention is alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS): methyl alcohol=1:0.46-0.67.
2. preparation method of the present invention saves enrichment process, saves thickening equipment-concentrated still kettle and condenser etc., thereby has also saved the energy consumptions such as water, electricity, steam, has reduced cost; The noxious gas emission that while also having avoided concentrated, methyl alcohol volatilization causes.
3. the present invention reduces its viscosity by the water content of controlling in methanol solution, and the filter effect of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution is accelerated.And methanol solution reaches this water content and can add and reclaim methyl alcohol (this reclaims methyl alcohol by product that to be agricultural chemicals be mixed while producing with mixed emulsifier, the water content that reclaims methyl alcohol is about 10-25%), the add-on that reclaims methyl alcohol is the methyl alcohol consumption 50-80% of (in mass), and the comprehensive utilization of methyl alcohol greatly reduces cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet that single stage method of the present invention is prepared alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution.
Embodiment
The effective component content of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution refers to the per-cent that calcium salt content in alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution accounts for alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution total mass.
The effective component content of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution adopts the direct two-phase titration > > of < < to measure according to GB5173-1985.Rotary viscosity adopts < < tensio-active agent to measure with the method > > that rotational viscosimeter is measured viscosity and flowing property according to GB/T5561-94.
Table 1 is for producing charging capacity and the qualitative data thereof of the raw material of 60 type alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solutions.
Referring to Fig. 1, the method that the raw material of employing embodiment 1 to embodiment 8 is prepared alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution is as follows:
(1) alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS), calcium carbonate, methyl alcohol (comprise anhydrous methanol and reclaim methyl alcohol) are joined in and in still, mix, under 50-60 ℃ of condition, react 50-90 minute;
(2) adopt pressure filter to filter the material obtaining in step (1), pressure during filtration is 0.05-0.3MPa, and filtration time is 40-150 minute; Filter residue is unreacted calcium carbonate and other solid impurity, and gained filtrate is alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, flow to calcium salt pan tank.
To the formed methanol gas of reaction in step (1), adopt vacuum cooler-condenser to carry out one-level condensation, the liquid obtaining after one-level condensation flow to Methanol Recovery groove, after one-level condensation, remaining methanol gas enters condenser by vacuum pump and carries out B-grade condensation, liquid after B-grade condensation flow to Methanol Recovery groove, and the gas after B-grade condensation is discharged.Recovery methyl alcohol in Methanol Recovery groove can be for mixing use with anhydrous methanol in step (1).
As can be seen from Table 1:
1, add in a large number the mass concentration that reclaims methyl alcohol control methanol solution to kill two birds with one stone, both having guaranteed has a certain amount of moisture in alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, to play comprehensive utilization, reclaims the effect that methyl alcohol reduces costs; But also can reduce the usage quantity of methyl alcohol, making original alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and methyl alcohol feed ratio is that 1:2 is reduced to 1:0.46-0.67.
2, the add-on that reclaims methyl alcohol can reclaim water content height in methyl alcohol and suitably add less according to its content and water content adjusting, and the mass concentration that makes methanol solution is 82-88%.
3,60 type alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solutions are when water content 6-7%, and rotary viscosity is between 34-40mpa.s.
Table 2 is for producing charging capacity and the qualitative data thereof of the raw material of 70 type alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solutions.
Referring to Fig. 1, the method that the raw material of employing embodiment 9 to embodiment 16 is prepared alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution is as follows:
(1) alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS), calcium carbonate, methyl alcohol (comprise anhydrous methanol and reclaim methyl alcohol) are joined in and in still, mix, under 50-60 ℃ of condition, react 50-90 minute;
(2) adopt pressure filter to filter the material obtaining in step (1), pressure during filtration is 0.05-0.3MPa, and filtration time is 100-240 minute; Filter residue is unreacted calcium carbonate and other solid impurity, and gained filtrate is alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, flow to calcium salt pan tank.
To the formed methanol gas of reaction in step (1), adopt vacuum cooler-condenser to carry out one-level condensation, the liquid obtaining after one-level condensation flow to Methanol Recovery groove, after one-level condensation, remaining methanol gas enters condenser by vacuum pump and carries out B-grade condensation, liquid after B-grade condensation flow to Methanol Recovery groove, and the gas after B-grade condensation is discharged.Recovery methyl alcohol in Methanol Recovery groove can be for mixing use with anhydrous methanol in step (1).
As can be seen from Table 2:
1, same with 60 type alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution products, in 70 types, add in a large number recovery methyl alcohol to guarantee there is a certain amount of moisture in alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution, to play comprehensive utilization, reclaim the effect that methyl alcohol reduces costs; But also can reduce the usage quantity of methyl alcohol, making original alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and methyl alcohol feed ratio is that 1:2 is reduced to 1:0.46-0.67.
2, the recovery methyl alcohol water content adding in 70 type alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution products can also be higher, and usage ratio is also more some more, and the mass concentration that makes methanol solution is 82-88%.
3,70 type calcium salts are when water content 7.1-7.6%, rotary viscosity between 180-200mpa.s,
In sum, alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution of the present invention adopts alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and calcium carbonate to react and make by filtration in methanol solution, and gained filtrate is the alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution that effective component content is 58 – 72%, does not need to concentrate.Not only can guarantee the quality of product, can also reduce material consumption energy consumption, reduce production stage and production time, greatly improve output.By the water content of controlling in methanol solution, reduce its viscosity, the filter effect of alkyl benzene calcium sulfonate methanol solution is accelerated, reduce the production time, reduced energy consumption.And methanol solution reaches this water content, can add recovery methyl alcohol, the comprehensive utilization of methyl alcohol greatly reduces cost.
Environmental fate and pathways
Environmental exposure
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is manufactured from linear alkylbenzene (LAB) in self-contained, enclosed systems. LAB is produced by reacting paraffins with benzene and a catalyst and isolating the LAB by distillation. The LAB is then sulfonated, which in turn is then neutralized to calcium salts of LAS.
In the Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate reaction process, the measured concentrations of SO2, NaOH were 0.0026 and 0.0356 mg/m3, which were below the occupational exposure limit of 0.2 mg/m3 and 2 mg/m3, respectively. And the dust are emitted to atmosphere but the concentration of the substances were below 10% level of environmental emission standard (10 mg/m3).
All occurred waste organic solvents are burned by waste consignment treatment. Wastewater is treated chemically and biologically, and then it is discharged to wastewater treatment plant. Most of the substance that is used in industrial and consumer products as surfactant and ingredient in detergents will be disposed of by the sewerage system. Exposure of the environment may occur mainly via effluents of STP’s and application of sewage sludge in agriculture.
Environmental fate
The environmental fate assessment for Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) is based on US EPA’s Estimation Programs Interface (EPI) Suite. EPI Suite provides estimations of physical/chemical properties and environmental fate properties.
Based on the output of the model, Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) is highly unlikely to bioaccumulate in the environment or aquatic organisms (i.e. fish).
This also supports that the chemical is soluble in water such that it will exhibit mobility through the soil. In addition, the low log Koc (3.8864) further supports the expected soil mobility. The model-calculated linear and non-linear biodegradation probabilities suggest that the linear carbon chain will biodegrade rapidly, whereas the benzene ring is not expected to biodegrade as rapidly. The extremely low vapor pressure along with the short half life of approximately3.957hours indicates that if this chemical is present in the soil, it is not likely to be volatile and is expected to degrade rapidly.
The output parameters from the EPI Suite model support that any potential impacts of this chemical is expected to be very short-lived. This is because it is not likely to persist in water or microbial soils and sediments. As a result, the environmental fate of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) is not likely to be of concern.
Hydrolysis will be not a significant factor in determining the environmental fate of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS).
Based on the results, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as a read across for Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CaDDBS) was hydrolytically stable (half life > 1 year) specified by the OECD Guidelines. Since the chemical is degradable less than 10% after 5 days in this test condition, it is presumably stable in water. (Hydrolytically stable).
Stability
Phototransformation in air
Using the AOPWIN QSAR model, the photochemical degradation rate of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate in the atmosphere is 32.4364 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec, with a resultant predicted half live of 3.957 Hrs ( 0.330 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3))
OVERALL OH Rate Constant = 32.4364 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
HALF-LIFE = 0.330 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
HALF-LIFE = 3.957 Hrs
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate has low vapor pressure (5.57E-019at 25C) indicating significant amounts of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate are unlikely to be present in the atmosphere for photodegradation.
The estimated half-life is about 3.957 hours (32.4364 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec) with the AOPWIN (US EPA, 2011).
If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.18E-021 mm Hg at 25 deg C (4.18E-021 mm Hg is equivalent to vapour pressure of 5.57E-019 Pa) indicates significant amounts of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate are unlikely to be present in the atmosphere for photodegradation and therefore Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.
Phototransformation in water
After 30 minutes the Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) have been decomposed and removal of the DBS absorption is complete after 2 hours of the light exposure.Rapid photodegradation (within 2 hours of light exposure) .
Dodecylbenzene sulfonate is rapidly photodegraded in aqueous aerated TiO2 suspensions. The reaction involves fast decomposition of the aromatic ring followed by slower oxidation of the aliphatic chain.
Data are available on the photodegradation of Na-C12 LAS in water.
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS# 25155-30-0 , EC Number; 246-680-4 ) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number; 247-557-8) ) and read-across is valid.
The results are as follows:
Table Photodegradations of Na-C12 LAS
Light source
Light spectrum
Test material
Result
References
Xe lamp
>330 nm
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Rapid (<1-2 hours) decomposition
Hidakaet al., 1985
Mercury vapor lamp
200-350 nm
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
>95% photolytic degradation after 20 minutes
Matsuura and Smith, 1970
Mercury lamp
400-580 nm
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
The presence of humic substances delayed the photodegradation
Hermannet al., 1997
Phototransformation in soil
If released to soil, Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 7699 Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process.
Therefore testing for Phototransformation in soils does not need to be performed.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water (H2O) are split into hydrogen cations (H+, conventionally referred to as protons) and hydroxide anions (OH−) in the process of a chemical mechanism).
The study of MOE 2008 was performed following “OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 111: Hydrolysis as function of pH. The preliminary test was performed at 50 ±5°C and pH 4, 7 and pH 9. The hydrolysis of the substance was less than 10% over the 5 days, so a definitive test was not performed. Based on these results, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid was hydrolytically stable (half life > 1 year) specified by the OECD Guidelines . Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids (CAS# 27176-87-0 , EC Number; 248-289-4) ) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number;247-557-8) ) and the dissociated acid it readily dissociates in water and release the dodecylbenzene sulfonic anion in solution.
Since the chemical is degradable less than 10% after 5 days in this test condition, it is presumably stable in water. (Hydrolytically stable)
Data of following studies are demonstrating rapid biodegradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Temmink and Klapwijk (2004) conducted OECD 301F test and the result is that more than 60% of mineralisation was achieved.
Biodegradation at 10 ppm was measured 75% after 11 days and test temperature was maintained at 20 deg C for 17 days. The substance could be concluded as readily biodegradable within 28 days.
For dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids (CAS# 27176-87-0 , EC Number; 248-289-4) ) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number;247-557-8) ) and the dissociated acid it readily dissociates in water and release the dodecylbenzene sulfonic anion in solution.), the available study indicates 69% of the material mineralized after 28 days ,OECD 301B test (USEPA 1992).
Ward and Larson (1989) conducted a laboratory study and observed the biodegradation rate constant and half-life for C12-LAS in sludge-amended soil. The biodegradation rate constant for C12-LAS is 0.030 day-1and half-life for C12-LAS is 23.1 days. Scheunertet al., (1987) measured the biomineralization rate of dodecylbenzenesulfonate in soil/water suspension under anaerobic and aerobic conditions for 42 days. The results (40.6%14CO2: aerobic, 51.9%14CO2: anaerobic) showed that the substance was readily biodegradable by the micro-organisms present in soil.
Summary of Biodegradation
Type/ Method
Test material
Degradation
Duration
References
Aerobic/
OECD 301F
C12-LAS
> 60 % of mineralisation
28 days
Temmink and Klapwijk, 2004
Aerobic/
Other
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
75 %
11 days
Cook and Glodman, 1974
Aerobic/
OECD 301B
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
69 % of mineralisation
28 days
USEPA 1992
Aerobic/
Other
C12-LAS
50%
23.1 days
Ward and Larson, 1989
Aerobic and Anaerobic/
Other
Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
40.6%14CO2of mineralization
(aerobic),
51.9%14CO2of mineralization (anaerobic)
42 days
Scheunertet al., 1987
Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids (CAS# 27176-87-0 , EC Number; 248-289-4) ) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number;247-557-8) ) and the dissociated acid it readily dissociates in water and release the dodecylbenzene sulfonic anion in solution.
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS# 25155-30-0 , EC Number; 246-680-4 ) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number; 247-557-8) ) and read-across is valid.
For more information, please visit Comparison of Calcium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate with Other Surfactants.
Biodegradation in water:screening tests
Data of following studies are demonstrating rapid biodegradation of C12-LAS under aerobic conditions. Temmink and Klapwijk (2004) conducted OECD 301F test and the result is that more than 60% of mineralisation was achieved within 28 days.
Cook and Glodman, 1974 conducted Biodegradation of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS), at 10 ppm was measured 75% after 11 days and test temperature was maintained at 20 deg C for 17 days. The sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) could be conclued as readily degradable.
For dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, the available study indicates 69% of the material mineralized after 28 days ,OECD 301B test (USEPA 1992).
Table Summary of Biodegradation in water:screening tests
Type/ Method
Test material
Degradation
Duration
References
Aerobic/
OECD 301F
C12-LAS
> 60 % of mineralisation
28 days
Temmink and Klapwijk, 2004
Aerobic/
Other
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
75 %
11 days
Cook and Glodman, 1974
Aerobic/
OECD 301B
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
69 % of mineralisation
28 days
USEPA 1992
Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids (CAS# 27176-87-0 , EC Number; 248-289-4) ) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number;247-557-8) ) and the dissociated acid it readily dissociates in water and release the dodecylbenzene sulfonic anion in solution.
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS# 25155-30-0 , EC Number; 246-680-4 ) is a very close analogue of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (CAS No 26264-06-2, EC Number; 247-557-8) ) and read-across is valid.
Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
In the study of Federle TW and Itrich NR 1997, Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (14C-ring C12LAS) was tested as model compounds in two sludges.
- Within 8 h, 41−44% was evolved as 14CO2,
- 1−2% remained as parent,
- 24−33% was incorporated into biomass,
- and 10−15% was present as intermediates, primarily sulfophenylcarboxylates.
Primary and complete biodegradation were best described by a first-order model. First-order rate constants for LAS were 0.96−1.10 h-1 for primary loss and 0.50−0.53 h-1 for complete degradation. This approach provides an accurate and comprehensive kinetic picture of biodegradation under realistic conditions as well as information on the mechanism of biodegradation.
Biodegradation of Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (14C-ring C12LAS), at 1mg/lwas measured>96% after6hoursand test temperature was maintained at 20 deg C.
In the study of Kubodera T, Muto T and Yamamoto T 1978 Dodecylbenzenesulfonate 14C (DBS-14C) was tested as model compound.
Biodegradation of Dodecylbenzenesulfonate 14C(DBS-14C)at76ppmwas measured>90% after90hoursand test temperature was maintained at 24deg C.
DBS decreased from 76.0 ppm to less than 0.6 ppm at 90h (Readily degradation).The biodegradation of DBS-14C has three periods of rapid adsorption period, acclimation period, and degradation process. 1-Tetralone, 1-indanone, 4-methyl-1-tetralone, naphthalene were the decomposition products
Biodegradation in soil
Ward and Larson (1989) conducted a laboratory study and observed the biodegradation rate constant and half-life for C12-LAS in sludge-amended soil. The biodegradation rate constant for C12-LAS is 0.030 day-1and half-life for C12-LAS is 23.1 days. Scheunertet al., (1987) measured the biomineralization rate of dodecylbenzenesulfonate in soil/water suspension under anaerobic and aerobic conditions for 42 days. The results (40.6%14CO2: aerobic, 51.9%14CO2: anaerobic) showed that the substance was readily biodegradable by the micro-organisms present in soil.
Table Summary of Biodegradationin soil
Type/ Method
Test material
Degradation
Duration
References
Aerobic/
Other
C12-LAS
50%
23.1 days
Ward and Larson, 1989
Aerobic and Anaerobic/
Other
Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
40.6%14CO2of mineralization
(aerobic),
51.9%14CO2of mineralization (anaerobic)
42 days
Scheunertet al., 1987
Transport and distribution
Adsorption / desorption
The log of the adsorption coefficient(KOC) of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate was estimated to be log KOC = 3.8864 which is equal to a KOC value of 7699 using the KOCWIN v2.00 QSARmethod.
KOCWIN Program (v2.00) Results:
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCc1ccc(S(=O)(=O)O[Ca]OS(=O)(=O)c2ccc(CCCCCCCCCCCC)cc2)cc1
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt
MOL FOR: C36 H58 O6 S2 Ca1
MOL WT : 691.06
--------------------------- KOCWIN v2.00 Results ---------------------------
Koc Estimate from MCI:
---------------------
First Order Molecular Connectivity Index ........... : 21.781
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.5213 MCI + 0.60) .......... : 11.9543
Fragment Correction(s):
2 Miscellaneous S(=O) group .......... : -2.5960
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 9.3583
Estimated Koc: 2.282e+009 L/kg <===========
Koc Estimate from Log Kow:
-------------------------
Log Kow (User entered ) ......................... : 4.77
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.55313 logKow + 0.9251) .... : 3.5635
Fragment Correction(s):
2 Miscellaneous S(=O) group .......... : 0.3229
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 3.8864
Estimated Koc: 7699 L/kg <=========
Henry's Law constant
The estimated Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) measured by calculation from EPI SuiteTM v4.1, HENRYWIN v3.20 Program was 1.093E-010 atm-m3/mole ( (1.108E-005 Pa-m3/mole) , which is almost zero.
This is Exposure Assessment Tools and Models made from EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).
Distribution modelling.
Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate has no affinity to be in air and sediment. The direct emissions to soil and surface water are significant, therefore Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate will be almost exclusively be found in soil and surface water.
Mackay fugacity modelling (level 3) indicates that, taking into account degradation and using inflow parameters which are consistent with the known production tonnage of this substance in, fugacity coefficient indicates that environmental concentrations in water are predicted to be 8.09e-023 (atm), in air (atm) 2.1e-023 and soil 8.08e-022 (atm) and sediment to be 1.35e-022 (atm).
These are negligible low levels. This can be considered a worse case prediction as it assumes all product is emitted with no emission control systems used.
Other distribution data
These results suggest for Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate that direct and indirect exposure from distribution in media is unlikely.
Based on low vapor pressure and low estimated log Pow, expected to partition to water and soil. Not expected to partition to air, sediments or biota.
Therefore testing for distribution in media does not need to be performed.
The estimated STP Fugacity Model and Volatilization From Water were measured by calculation from EPI SuiteTM v4.1 Program.
This is Exposure Assessment Tools and Models made from EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) .
Volatilization From Water
=========================
Chemical Name: Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt
Molecular Weight : 691.06 g/mole
Water Solubility : 3.477E-011 ppm
Vapor Pressure : 4.18E-021 mm Hg
Henry's Law Constant: 1.09E-010 atm-m3/mole (calculated from VP/WS)
RIVER LAKE
--------- ---------
Water Depth (meters): 1 1
Wind Velocity (m/sec): 5 0.5
Current Velocity (m/sec): 1 0.05
HALF-LIFE (hours) : 1.408E+007 1.536E+008
HALF-LIFE (days ) : 5.867E+005 6.4E+006
HALF-LIFE (years) : 1606 1.752E+004
STP Fugacity Model: Predicted Fate in a Wastewater Treatment Facility
===============================================================
(using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)
PROPERTIES OF: Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt
-------------
Molecular weight (g/mol) 691.06
Aqueous solubility (mg/l) 3.477E-011
Vapour pressure (Pa) 5.57288E-019
(atm) 5.5E-024
(mm Hg) 4.18E-021
Henry 's law constant (Atm-m3/mol) 1.09313E-010
Air-water partition coefficient 4.47058E-009
Octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) 1.34896E+014
Log Kow 14.13
Biomass to water partition coefficient 2.69793E+013
Temperature [deg C] 25
Biodeg rate constants (h^-1),half life in biomass (h) and in 2000 mg/L MLSS (h):
-Primary tank 0.00 10000.00 10000.00
-Aeration tank 0.00 10000.00 10000.00
-Settling tank 0.00 10000.00 10000.00
STP Overall Chemical Mass Balance:
---------------------------------
g/h mol/h percent
Influent 1.00E+001 1.4E-002 100.00
Primary sludge 5.99E+000 8.7E-003 59.89
Waste sludge 3.34E+000 4.8E-003 33.36
Primary volatilization 1.10E-017 1.6E-020 0.00
Settling volatilization 2.44E-017 3.5E-020 0.00
Aeration off gas 6.01E-017 8.7E-020 0.00
Primary biodegradation 1.75E-002 2.5E-005 0.18
Settling biodegradation 4.26E-003 6.2E-006 0.04
Aeration biodegradation 5.61E-002 8.1E-005 0.56
Final water effluent 5.96E-001 8.6E-004 5.96
Total removal 9.40E+000 1.4E-002 94.04
Total biodegradation 7.79E-002 1.1E-004 0.78
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