Questions You Should Know about HPMC solubility chart

24 Feb.,2025

 

The Ultimate HPMC Grades Breakdown - At WOTAIchem

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) is a widely used ingredient in industries like construction, pharmaceuticals, and food. Different HPMC grades have unique properties, such as viscosity, molecular weight, and degree of substitution (DS).

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These differences make certain grades better for specific uses. For example, in construction, HPMC helps improve water retention and workability in cement, plaster, and tile adhesives. In pharmaceuticals, it's used in tablet coatings and to control how drugs are released.

Knowing the right HPMC grade for a job helps get the best results. This ultimate guide is here to provide you with helpful tips when choosing the right HPMC.

What is HPMC?

The full form of HPMC is Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. It appears as a white powder or fibrous substance. It is non-toxic and odorless. When mixed with cold water, it swells into a clear or slightly cloudy gel.

HPMC is a semi-synthetic polymer made from natural cellulose found in plants. It is modified through a chemical process called etherification. This modification creates different grades of HPMC. These grades vary by molecular weight, substitution degree, and viscosity. This article will mainly focus on the classification of HPMC viscosity.

HPMC Grades Classification

Classification by Viscosity

Generally, HPMC grades are classified by viscosity and can be categorized into low (LV), medium (MV), and high (HV) grades. HPMC viscosity is usually expressed in centipoise (cP) or millipascal seconds (mPa-s). Different HPMC viscosity levels indicate different performance characteristics.

  • Low Viscosity: It has a low molecular weight. It is suitable for applications needing low thickening. These include surface coatings, paints, and adhesives.
  • Medium Viscosity: Provides medium thickening properties and is typically used in applications such as pharmaceutical formulations where a balance between viscosity and flow properties is required.
  • High Viscosity: Has a high molecular weight and provides high-viscosity solutions. It is used in applications where high thickening is required, such as in construction materials such as tile adhesives, mortars, and plasters.

HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) is available in various viscosity grades, each offering unique properties for different applications and uses.

1. Construction Grade HPMC (ranging from 400 to 200,000 mPa-s)

HPMC powder is commonly used in construction materials such as cement, plaster, lime, mortar, and grout. It has the following properties:

' Improving the consistency of building materials
' Emulsifies construction materials
' Improves the water retention of the slurry
' Improve the stability of building materials

Main application scenarios:

· Tile adhesives

· Self-leveling

· Paints and coatings

Below are a few common construction-grade HPMCs.

Grades Viscosity Grades Main Applications and Properties HPMC E5 lower In the construction industry, E5 grade HPMC can be used as a thickener and binder for cement mortar, which helps to improve the adhesion and processing performance of mortar. HPMC E15 higher than HPMC E5 It is usually used to prepare high-performance cement mortar, tile adhesive, plaster mortar, etc. to improve its fluidity, crack resistance, and adhesion. HPMC F50 film-forming grade Usually used in coatings, paints, and adhesives. HPMC F high Used in construction materials such as gypsum-based plasters and cement-based products where excellent water retention and viscosity are required.

With 10 years of experience in the construction and chemical industries, our company WotaiChem is constantly upgrading its formulations to meet the needs of our customers. We can provide you with the right grade of HPMC for your application. Learn more.

2. Pharmaceutical Grade HPMC

In the pharmaceutical industry, as a drug excipient, HPMC also has a wide viscosity range, which is needed to meet the release needs of drugs with different solubilities, such as:
· Tablet coating
· Tablet Binding
· Controlled release formulations
· Film coating
· Suspensions
· Ophthalmic lubricants, eye drops

The following are some common medical-grade HPMCs.

Grades

Viscosity Grades Main Applications and Properties HPMC K4M HPMC is often used in medicines as a base for slow-release formulations. It helps control the release of the active ingredient over a longer period. Lower HPMC K15M It's commonly used to bind tablets, create controlled-release drugs, and thicken liquid medicines. Medium HPMC K100M HPMC provides strong thickening and gelling properties, making it useful in slow-release medications and as an adhesive in tablet production. Higher
3. Food Grade Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) (various viscosities from 50 to 10,000 mPa-s)

Food grade hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is mainly used as emulsifiers and thickeners, but with no nutritional value.

Main application products:
· Bakery products
· Dairy products
· Beverages
· Gluten-free products

4. Personal Care Grade HPMC (Viscosity grades from 3,000 to 100,000 mPa-s)

Main application products:
· Hair care products
· Skincare products
· Cosmetics

Classification by its molecular weight

The molecular weight of the HPMC powder ranges from around 10,000 to 1,500,000. The molecular weight affects its physical properties, like solubility, gel formation, and film-forming ability. It also influences the mechanical strength and viscosity of HPMC solutions.

' High molecular weight HPMC is ideal for applications that need high viscosity and strong water solubility, such as slow-release formulations in pharmaceuticals. It also offers better film-forming properties and greater resistance to enzyme breakdown in other uses.

' Low molecular weight HPMC works well in applications that need lower viscosity and better flow, such as in paints and adhesives.

Classification by the degree of substitution

The degree of substitution (DS) in Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) refers to how many of the natural groups in the cellulose are replaced by hydroxypropyl or methyl groups. This affects how HPMC behaves in different products.

For example, a higher degree of substitution makes it dissolve better in water and improves its ability to thicken, stabilize, or form films. This is important in industries like construction, food, and pharmaceuticals, where HPMC is used to improve the quality of products.

HPMC is generally classified into three grades: K, E, and F, which represent different degrees of substitution for methoxy and hydroxypropyl groups. For example, HPMC K4M, E4M, and F4M all have the same viscosity of 4,000 centipoise (cP). However, the chemical substitution levels of hydroxypropyl and methoxy groups differ among these types.

Are you interested in learning more about HPMC solubility chart? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!

Selection of HPMC Grades

1. Choose an HPMC grade based on specific application needs.

These include desired viscosity, film-forming ability, water retention, and ingredient compatibility. It is also important to consider formulation parameters like pH, temperature, and processing conditions.

For example, in hot summer temperatures or warm climates, the moisture in construction mortar evaporates quickly. This requires HPMC to have better water retention. Higher viscosity HPMC provides better water retention. In colder winter temperatures, a lower viscosity HPMC can be used.

2. Consulting professionals when choosing an HPMC grade

Before purchasing HPMC, it is best to consult a qualified formulator or technical expert, such as WotaiChem. Our experts can help you pick the best HPMC grade for your use. We will test its compatibility and performance for the best results. Contact us now for solutions and to APPLY FOR FREE SAMPLES.

3. Meet relevant quality standards and regulations

Additionally, HPMC grades used in pharmaceuticals and food applications must meet relevant quality standards and regulations, such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.). These standards set requirements for purity, chemical composition, and performance characteristics to ensure product safety and effectiveness.

Summary

With technological advancements, there is potential for further improvements and innovations in HPMC performance, and its grades may continue to evolve. HPMC grades and formulations can also vary by manufacturer and specific product requirements. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a reputable HPMC manufacturer or supplier, such as WotaiChem, for guidance on HPMC grades and formulations.

I hope this information helps you better understand the different HPMC grades and their applications. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us. We are glad to help you choose the right HPMC grade!

Understanding the HPMC Chemical Structure - Melacoll

As an HPMC chemical manufacturer, I have always been fascinated by the structure of compounds and how it affects their properties. One such compound that has caught my attention is Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC). HPMC formula is C56H108O30. In this comprehensive guide, I will take you through the HPMC chemical structure, its applications, properties, and how it affects its performance.

1. What is the HPMC Chemical Structure?

HPMC is a semi-synthetic polymer derived from cellulose. It is made by treating cellulose with an alkali solution to form alkali cellulose. The alkali cellulose is then reacted with methyl chloride and propylene oxide to form HPMC. The HPMC chemical structure is complex, but it can be simplified as a cellulose backbone with methyl and hydroxypropyl substituents.

The degree of substitution (DS) of HPMC refers to the average number of hydroxypropyl and methyl groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose backbone. The DS can range from 0.1 to 2.5, and it affects the properties of HPMC. A higher DS results in a more hydrophilic polymer with lower gelation temperature and better solubility in water.

2. Applications of HPMC Based on Its Chemical Structure

HPMC has a wide range of applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, detergent and construction. Its applications are based on its unique properties, which are a result of its chemical structure.

In the pharmaceutical industry, HPMC is used as a binder, disintegrant, and controlled-release agent in tablet formulations. Its high viscosity and good water retention make it ideal for use in ophthalmic solutions and nasal sprays. The chemical structure of HPMC also makes it an excellent mucoadhesive agent, which enhances drug absorption and bioavailability.

In the food industry, HPMC is used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer. Its chemical structure allows it to form gels and improve the texture of food products. HPMC is also used in low-fat and sugar-free food products, as it can mimic the texture and mouthfeel of fat and sugar.

Construction grade HPMC is used as a water retention agent in cement and mortar formulations. Tile adhesive is the biggest fields. Its chemical structure allows it to form a protective film around cement particles, which prevents water loss and improves workability.

In the detergent, HPMC is used as detergent thickeners and detergent anti-reprecipitating agent. Its chemical structure allows its to provide better viscosity and prevent dirt from settling again.

3. How the Chemical Structure Affects HPMC Performance

The HPMC chemical structure affects its performance in various ways. The degree of substitution affects the solubility, gelation temperature, and viscosity of HPMC. A higher DS results in a more hydrophilic polymer, which increases its solubility in water. It also reduces the gelation temperature of HPMC, making it easier to form gels.

The molecular weight of HPMC also affects its performance. A higher molecular weight results in a more viscous polymer with better water retention properties. It also increases the mucoadhesive properties of HPMC, which enhances drug absorption and bioavailability.

The ratio of methyl to hydroxypropyl groups in HPMC affects its gelation properties. A higher ratio of methyl to hydroxypropyl groups results in a faster gelation rate and a harder gel.

4. Properties of HPMC Based on Its Chemical Structure

The chemical structure of HPMC gives it unique properties that make it suitable for various applications. Some of the properties of HPMC include:

1. Solubility: HPMC is soluble in water and forms clear solutions.
2. Viscosity: HPMC has a high viscosity, which increases with molecular weight and DS.
3. Mucoadhesion: HPMC is a good mucoadhesive agent, which enhances drug absorption and bioavailability.
4. Gelation: HPMC can form gels at low concentrations and hot temperatures.
5. Water retention: HPMC has good water retention properties, which make it suitable for use in ophthalmic solutions and nasal sprays.

5. Comparison of HPMC Chemical Structure with Other Cellulose Ethers

HPMC is one of several cellulose ethers used in various industries. Each cellulose ether has a unique chemical structure that affects its properties and applications. HPMC differs from other cellulose ethers in its degree of substitution and the ratio of methyl to hydroxypropyl groups.

Methylcellulose (MC) has a lower DS than HPMC, which makes it less hydrophilic and less soluble in water. MC also forms weaker gels than HPMC due to the lower ratio of hydroxypropyl groups.

Ethylcellulose (EC) has a higher DS than HPMC, which makes it more hydrophobic and less soluble in water. EC is used as a coating material in the pharmaceutical industry due to its good film-forming properties.

6. Factors Affecting the HPMC Chemical Structure

Several factors can affect the HPMC chemical structure, including the concentration of reagents during synthesis, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The DS of HPMC can also be modified by using different ratios of methyl chloride and propylene oxide.

7. Analytical Techniques for Studying the HPMC Chemical Structure

Several analytical techniques can be used to study the HPMC chemical structure. These include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC).

NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the DS of HPMC and the ratio of methyl to hydroxypropyl groups. FTIR spectroscopy can be used to identify functional groups in HPMC and monitor changes in its chemical structure. SEC can be used to determine the molecular weight and polydispersity of HPMC.

8. Molecular Weight and Viscosity of HPMC

The molecular weight and viscosity of HPMC are important parameters that affect its performance. The molecular weight of HPMC can be determined by SEC, while the viscosity can be measured using a viscometer.

Higher molecular weight HPMC has higher viscosity and better water retention properties. However, it can also lead to slower drug release and slower dissolution rates. The molecular weight of HPMC can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions during synthesis.

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit how to make HPMC solution.

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