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Supek Z and Tomic D. Farmakološko-kemijsko istrazivanje zutike (
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Rondanelli M, Gasparri C, Petrangolini G, et al. Berberine phospholipid exerts a positive effect on the glycemic profile of overweight subjects with impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG): a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ;27(14):-. View abstract.
Rondanelli M, Riva A, Petrangolini G, et al. Berberine Phospholipid Is an Effective Insulin Sensitizer and Improves Metabolic and Hormonal Disorders in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A One-Group Pretest-Post-Test Explanatory Study. Nutrients. ;13(10):. View abstract.
Ruscica M, Gomaraschi M, Mombelli G, Macchi C, Bosisio R, Pazzucconi F, Pavanello C, Calabresi L, Arnoldi A, Sirtori CR, Magni P. Nutraceutical approach to moderate cardiometabolic risk: results of a randomized, double-blind and crossover study with Armolipid Plus. J Clin Lipidol. ;8(1):61-8. View abstract.
Scazzocchio F, Corneta MF, Tomassini L, Palmery M. Antibacterial activity of Hydrastis canadensis extract and its major isolated alkaloids. Planta Med ;67:561-4. View abstract.
Sheng WD, Jiddawi MS, Hong XQ, Abdulla SM. Treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria using pyrimethamine in combination with berberine, tetracycline, or cotrimoxazole. East Afr Med J ;74:283-4. View abstract.
Sun D, Abraham SN, Beachey EH. Influence of berberine sulfate on synthesis and expression of Pap fimbrial adhesin in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother ;32:-7. View abstract.
Sun D, Courtney HS, Beachey EH. Berberine sulfate blocks adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial cells, fibronectin, and hexadecane. Antimicrob Agents Chemother ;32:-4. View abstract.
Tsai PL, Tsai TH. Hepatobiliary excretion of berberine. Drug Metab Dispos ;32:405-12. . View abstract.
Vollekova A, Kost'alova D, Kettmann V, Toth J. Antifungal activity of Mahonia aquifolium extract and its major protoberberine alkaloids. Phytother Res ;17:834-7. View abstract.
Wang S, Ren H, Zhong H, et al. Combined berberine and probiotic treatment as an effective regimen for improving postprandial hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients: a double blinded placebo controlled randomized study. Gut Microbes ;14(1):. View abstract.
Wen C, Wu L, Fu L, Zhang X, Zhou H. Berberine enhances the anti tumor activity of tamoxifen in drug sensitive MCF 7 and drug resistant MCF 7/TAM cells. Mol Med Rep. ;14(3):-6. View abstract.
Wu X, Li Q, Xin H, Yu A, Zhong M. Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol ;61:567-72. View abstract.
Wu XK, Wang YY, Liu JP, Liang RN, Xue HY, Ma HX, et al. Randomized controlled trial of letrozole, berberine, or a combination for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. ;106(3):757-765.e1. doi: 10./j.fertnstert..05.022. View abstract.
Xie, X., Meng, X., Zhou, X., Shu, X., and Kong, H. [Research on therapeutic effect and hemorrheology change of berberine in new diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes combining nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ;36(21):-. View abstract.
Xu L, Zhang Y, Xue X, et al. A phase I trial of berberine in Chinese with ulcerative colitis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). ;13(1):117-26. View abstract.
Yan HM, Xia MF, Wang Y, Chang XX, Yao XZ, Rao SX, et al. Efficacy of berberine in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One. Aug 7;10(8):e. doi: 10./journal.pone.. View abstract.
Yang L, Zhu W, Zhang X, Zhou X, Wu W, Shen T. Efficacy and safety of berberine for several cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytomedicine ;112:. View abstract.
Zeng XH, Zeng XJ, Li YY. Efficacy and safety of berberine for congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol ;92:173-6. View abstract.
Zhang D, Ke L, Ni Z, Chen Y, Zhang LH, Zhu SH, et al. Berberine containing quadruple therapy for initial Helicobacter pylori eradication: An open-label randomized phase IV trial. Medicine (Baltimore). ;96(32):e. doi: 10./MD.. View abstract.
Zhang J, Wang Y, Jiang H, et al. Preventive effect of berberine on postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol ;15(10):e. View abstract.
Zhang LS, Zhang JH, Feng R, et al. Efficacy and safety of berberine alone or combined with statins for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Chin Med ;47(4):751-67. View abstract.
Zhang Y, Li X, Zou D, et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ;93:-65. View abstract.
Abe, F., Nagafuji, S., Yamauchi, T., Okabe, H., Maki, J., Higo, H., Akahane, H., Aguilar, A., Jimenez-Estrada, M., and Reyes-Chilpa, R. Trypanocidal constituents in plants 1. Evaluation of some Mexican plants for their trypanocidal activity and active constituents in Guaco, roots of Aristolochia taliscana. Biol Pharm Bull ;25(9):-. View abstract.
Affuso, F., Ruvolo, A., Micillo, F., Sacca, L., and Fazio, S. Effects of a nutraceutical combination (berberine, red yeast rice and policosanols) on lipid levels and endothelial function randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc.Dis ;20(9):656-661. View abstract.
Albal, M. V., Jadhav, S., and Chandorkar, A. G. Clinical evaluation of berberine in mycotic infections. Indian J Ophthalmol. ;34:91-92. View abstract.
Arana, B. A., Navin, T. R., Arana, F. E., Berman, J. D., and Rosenkaimer, F. Efficacy of a short course (10 days) of high-dose meglumine antimonate with or without interferon-gamma in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. Clin Infect Dis ;18(3):381-384. View abstract.
Babbar, O. P., Chhatwal, V. K., Ray, I. B., and Mehra, M. K. Effect of berberine chloride eye drops on clinically positive trachoma patients. Indian J Med Res. ;76 Suppl:83-88. View abstract.
Berberine. Altern Med Rev ;5(2):175-177. View abstract.
Carlomagno, G., Pirozzi, C., Mercurio, V., Ruvolo, A., and Fazio, S. Effects of a nutraceutical combination on left ventricular remodeling and vasoreactivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc.Dis ;22(5):e13-e14. View abstract.
Chae, S. H., Jeong, I. H., Choi, D. H., Oh, J. W., and Ahn, Y. J. Growth-inhibiting effects of Coptis japonica root-derived isoquinoline alkaloids on human intestinal bacteria. J Agric.Food Chem ;47(3):934-938. View abstract.
Chekalina, S. I., Umurzakova, R. Z., Saliev, K. K., and Abdurakhmanov, T. R. [Effect of berberine bisulfate on platelet hemostasis in thrombocytopenia patients]. Gematologiia i Transfuziologiia ;39(5):33-35. View abstract.
Cheng, Z., Pang, T., Gu, M., Gao, A. H., Xie, C. M., Li, J. Y., Nan, F. J., and Li, J. Berberine-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes involves both AMPK and p38 MAPK. Biochim.Biophys.Acta ;(11):-. View abstract.
Choudhry, V. P., Sabir, M., and Bhide, V. N. Berberine in giardiasis. Indian Pediatr. ;9(3):143-146. View abstract.
Chun YT, Yip TT, Lau KL, and et al. A biochemical study on the hypotensive effect of berberine in rats. Gen Pharmac ;10:177-182. View abstract.
Chung JG, Wu LT, Chang SH, and et al. Inhibitory actions of berberine on growth and arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in strains of Helicobacter Pylori from peptic ulcer patients. International Journal of Toxicology ;18:35.
Chung, J. G., Chen, G. W., Hung, C. F., Lee, J. H., Ho, C. C., Ho, H. C., Chang, H. L., Lin, W. C., and Lin, J. G. Effects of berberine on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in human leukemia cells. Am J Chin Med ;28(2):227-238. View abstract.
Chung, J. G., Wu, L. T., Chu, C. B., Jan, J. Y., Ho, C. C., Tsou, M. F., Lu, H. F., Chen, G. W., Lin, J. G., and Wang, T. F. Effects of berberine on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in human bladder tumour cells. Food Chem Toxicol ;37(4):319-326. View abstract.
Cianci, A., Cicero, A. F., Colacurci, N., Matarazzo, M. G., and De, Leo, V. Activity of isoflavones and berberine on vasomotor symptoms and lipid profile in menopausal women. Gynecol.Endocrinol. ;28(9):699-702. View abstract.
Desai, A. B., Shah, K. M., and Shah, D. M. Berberine in treatment of diarrhoea. Indian Pediatr. ;8(9):462-465. View abstract.
Dutta NK and Panse MV. Usefulness of berberine (an alkaloid from Berberis aristata) in the treatment of cholera (experimental). Indian J Med Res ;50(5):732-736.
Freile, M. L., Giannini, F., Pucci, G., Sturniolo, A., Rodero, L., Pucci, O., Balzareti, V., and Enriz, R. D. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts and of berberine isolated from Berberis heterophylla. Fitoterapia ;74(7-8):702-705. View abstract.
Fukuda, K., Hibiya, Y., Mutoh, M., Koshiji, M., Akao, S., and Fujiwara, H. Inhibition by berberine of cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity in human colon cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol. ;66(2):227-233. View abstract.
Ghosh AK, Bhattacharyya FK, and Ghosh DK. Leishmania donovani: amastigote inhibition and mode of action of berberine. Experimental Parasitology ;60:404-413.
Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Tan, Z. R., Klaassen, C. D., and Zhou, H. H. Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol ;68(2):213-217. View abstract.
Hajnicka, V., Kost'alova, D., Svecova, D., Sochorova, R., Fuchsberger, N., and Toth, J. Effect of Mahonia aquifolium active compounds on interleukin-8 production in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Planta Med ;68(3):266-268. View abstract.
Hayasaka, S., Kodama, T., and Ohira, A. Traditional Japanese herbal (kampo) medicines and treatment of ocular diseases: a review. Am J Chin Med ;40(5):887-904. View abstract.
Hermann, R. and von, Richter O. Clinical evidence of herbal drugs as perpetrators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Planta Med ;78(13):-. View abstract.
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Holick, M. F., Lamb, J. J., Lerman, R. H., Konda, V. R., Darland, G., Minich, D. M., Desai, A., Chen, T. C., Austin, M., Kornberg, J., Chang, J. L., Hsi, A., Bland, J. S., and Tripp, M. L. Hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 favorably impact biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women in a 14-week trial. J Bone Miner.Metab ;28(3):342-350. View abstract.
Hong, Y., Hui, S. S., Chan, B. T., and Hou, J. Effect of berberine on catecholamine levels in rats with experimental cardiac hypertrophy. Life Sci. 4-18-;72(22):-. View abstract.
Hu, F. L. [Comparison of acid and Helicobacter pylori in ulcerogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease]. Zhonghua Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. ;73(4):217-9, 253. View abstract.
Hu, J. P., Takahashi, N., and Yamada, T. Coptidis rhizoma inhibits growth and proteases of oral bacteria. Oral Dis. ;6(5):297-302. View abstract.
Hu, Y., Ehli, E. A., Kittelsrud, J., Ronan, P. J., Munger, K., Downey, T., Bohlen, K., Callahan, L., Munson, V., Jahnke, M., Marshall, L. L., Nelson, K., Huizenga, P., Hansen, R., Soundy, T. J., and Davies, G. E. Lipid-lowering effect of berberine in human subjects and rats. Phytomedicine. 7-15-;19(10):861-867. View abstract.
Huang, W. [Ventricular tachyarrhythmias treated with berberine]. Zhonghua Xin.Xue.Guan.Bing.Za Zhi. ;18(3):155-6, 190. View abstract.
Huang, W. M., Wu, Z. D., and Gan, Y. Q. [Effects of berberine on ischemic ventricular arrhythmia]. Zhonghua Xin.Xue.Guan.Bing.Za Zhi. ;17(5):300-1, 319. View abstract.
Hui, K. K., Yu, J. L., Chan, W. F., and Tse, E. Interaction of berberine with human platelet alpha 2 adrenoceptors. Life Sci. ;49(4):315-324. View abstract.
Iizuka, N., Miyamoto, K., Okita, K., Tangoku, A., Hayashi, H., Yosino, S., Abe, T., Morioka, T., Hazama, S., and Oka, M. Inhibitory effect of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine on the proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 1-1-;148(1):19-25. View abstract.
Iizuka, N., Oka, M., Yamamoto, K., Tangoku, A., Miyamoto, K., Miyamoto, T., Uchimura, S., Hamamoto, Y., and Okita, K. Identification of common or distinct genes related to antitumor activities of a medicinal herb and its major component by oligonucleotide microarray. Int J Cancer 11-20-;107(4):666-672. View abstract.
Inbaraj, J. J., Kukielczak, B. M., Bilski, P., Sandvik, S. L., and Chignell, C. F. Photochemistry and photocytotoxicity of alkaloids from Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) 1. Berberine. Chem Res Toxicol ;14(11):-. View abstract.
Inoue, K., Kulsum, U., Chowdhury, S. A., Fujisawa, S., Ishihara, M., Yokoe, I., and Sakagami, H. Tumor-specific cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity of berberines. Anticancer Res ;25(6B):-. View abstract.
Jantova, S., Cipak, L., Cernakova, M., and Kost'alova, D. Effect of berberine on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in HeLa and L cells. J Pharm Pharmacol ;55(8):-. View abstract.
Jeong, H. W., Hsu, K. C., Lee, J. W., Ham, M., Huh, J. Y., Shin, H. J., Kim, W. S., and Kim, J. B. Berberine suppresses proinflammatory responses through AMPK activation in macrophages. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab ;296(4):E955-E964. View abstract.
Kamat SA. Clinical trials with berberine hydrochloride for the control of diarrhea in acute gastroenteritis. J Assoc Physicians India ;15:525-529.
Kaneda Y, Tanaka T, and Saw T. Effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid, on the growth of anaerobic protozoa in axenic culture. Tokai J Exp Clin Med ;15(6):417-423.
Kaneda Y, Torii M, Tanaka T, and et al. In vitro effects of berberine sulphate on the growth and structure of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology ;85(4):417-425.
Khin, Maung U. and Nwe, Nwe Wai. Effect of berberine on enterotoxin-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in rats. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res ;10(4):201-204. View abstract.
Khin, Maung U., Myo, Khin, Nyunt, Nyunt Wai, and Tin, U. Clinical trial of high-dose berberine and tetracycline in cholera. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res ;5(3):184-187. View abstract.
Khin, Maung U., Myo, Khin, Nyunt, Nyunt Wai, Aye, Kyaw, and Tin, U. Clinical trial of berberine in acute watery diarrhoea. Br.Med.J.(Clin.Res.Ed) 12-7-;291():-. View abstract.
Kim, H. S., Kim, M. J., Kim, E. J., Yang, Y., Lee, M. S., and Lim, J. S. Berberine-induced AMPK activation inhibits the metastatic potential of melanoma cells via reduction of ERK activity and COX-2 protein expression. Biochem.Pharmacol 2-1-;83(3):385-394. View abstract.
Kim, W. S., Lee, Y. S., Cha, S. H., Jeong, H. W., Choe, S. S., Lee, M. R., Oh, G. T., Park, H. S., Lee, K. U., Lane, M. D., and Kim, J. B. Berberine improves lipid dysregulation in obesity by controlling central and peripheral AMPK activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab ;296(4):E812-E819. View abstract.
Kong, W., Wei, J., Abidi, P., Lin, M., Inaba, S., Li, C., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Si, S., Pan, H., Wang, S., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Liu, J., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins. Nat Med ;10(12):-. View abstract.
Krol R, Zalewski A, and Maroko PR. Beneficial effects of berberine, a new positive inotropic agent, on digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Circulation ;66(suppl 2):56.
Ksiezycka E, Cheung W, and Maroko PR. Antiarrhythmic effects of berberine on aconitine-induced ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Clinical Research ;31(2):197A.
Kulkarni, S. K., Dandiya, P. C., and Varandani, N. L. Pharmacological investigations of berberine sulphate. Jpn.J Pharmacol. ;22(1):11-16. View abstract.
Kuo, C. L., Chi, C. W., and Liu, T. Y. Modulation of apoptosis by berberine through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and Mcl-1 expression in oral cancer cells. In Vivo ;19(1):247-252. View abstract.
Kuo, C. L., Chou, C. C., and Yung, B. Y. Berberine complexes with DNA in the berberine-induced apoptosis in human leukemic HL-60 cells. Cancer Lett 7-13-;93(2):193-200. View abstract.
Lahiri S and Dutta NK. Berberine and chloramphenicol in the treatment of cholera and severe diarrhoea. Journal of the Indian Medical Association ;48(1):1-11.
Lamb, J. J., Holick, M. F., Lerman, R. H., Konda, V. R., Minich, D. M., Desai, A., Chen, T. C., Austin, M., Kornberg, J., Chang, J. L., Hsi, A., Bland, J. S., and Tripp, M. L. Nutritional supplementation of hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D(3), and vitamin K(1) produces a favorable bone biomarker profile supporting healthy bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res ;31(5):347-355. View abstract.
Lau, C. W., Yao, X. Q., Chen, Z. Y., Ko, W. H., and Huang, Y. Cardiovascular actions of berberine. Cardiovasc Drug Rev ;19(3):234-244. View abstract.
Lee, S., Lim, H. J., Park, H. Y., Lee, K. S., Park, J. H., and Jang, Y. Berberine inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro and improves neointima formation after balloon injury in vivo. Berberine improves neointima formation in a rat model. Atherosclerosis ;186(1):29-37. View abstract.
Lee, Y. S., Kim, W. S., Kim, K. H., Yoon, M. J., Cho, H. J., Shen, Y., Ye, J. M., Lee, C. H., Oh, W. K., Kim, C. T., Hohnen-Behrens, C., Gosby, A., Kraegen, E. W., James, D. E., and Kim, J. B. Berberine, a natural plant product, activates AMP-activated protein kinase with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic and insulin-resistant states. Diabetes ;55(8):-. View abstract.
Li XB. [Controlled clinical trial in infants and children comparing Lacteol Fort sachets with two antidiarrhoeal reference drugs]. Ann Pediatr ;42(6):396-401.
Li, G. H., Wang, D. L., Hu, Y. D., Pu, P., Li, D. Z., Wang, W. D., Zhu, B., Hao, P., Wang, J., Xu, X. Q., Wan, J. Q., Zhou, Y. B., and Chen, Z. T. Berberine inhibits acute radiation intestinal syndrome in human with abdomen radiotherapy. Med Oncol. ;27(3):919-925. View abstract.
Li, H., Miyahara, T., Tezuka, Y., Namba, T., Suzuki, T., Dowaki, R., Watanabe, M., Nemoto, N., Tonami, S., Seto, H., and Kadota, S. The effect of kampo formulae on bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. II. Detailed study of berberine. Biol Pharm Bull ;22(4):391-396. View abstract.
Lin, C. C., Kao, S. T., Chen, G. W., Ho, H. C., and Chung, J. G. Apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells and murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells induced by berberine through the activation of caspase-3. Anticancer Res ;26(1A):227-242. View abstract.
Lin, J. G., Chung, J. G., Wu, L. T., Chen, G. W., Chang, H. L., and Wang, T. F. Effects of berberine on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in human colon tumor cells. Am J Chin Med ;27(2):265-275. View abstract.
Lin, J. P., Yang, J. S., Lee, J. H., Hsieh, W. T., and Chung, J. G. Berberine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma SNU-5 cell line. World J Gastroenterol. 1-7-;12(1):21-28. View abstract.
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid (phytochemicals found in a number of plants) with a bright yellow color and bitter taste. It is commonly found in the root, rhizome, and stem bark of the Chinese herb Coptis chinensis and other Berberis plants.
For centuries, berberine has been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat various ailments. Modern research suggests it may be a natural remedy for high cholesterol, mouth sores, and diabetes, among other health conditions.
Here's everything you need to know about berberine, including its benefits, uses, safety, and side effects.
Design by Health
Benefits of Berberine
Berberine has many potential health benefits. However, it seems to be most effective for treating diabetes, high cholesterol, canker sores, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Lowers Blood Sugar in People with Diabetes
Berberine may help reduce blood sugar in people with diabetes. It appears to be most effective when combined with traditional therapies.
A randomized control trial gave 80 patients with type 2 diabetes 480 milligrams of berberine or traditional treatment with 1,000 milligrams (mg) of metformin daily for 12 weeks.
The study found that berberine was as effective as metformin at reducing blood sugar and controlling type 2 diabetes. No short-term side effects were reported.
Furthermore, a review of 46 randomized controlled trials examined berberine's safety and effectiveness for treating type 2 diabetes.
The review found that berberine, when consumed alone or combined with oral blood-sugar-lowering medications, significantly improved blood sugar levels, hemoglobin A1C, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation. These improvements were more significant when combined with conventional treatment.
However, it's important to note that the review found that berberine's effectiveness decreased when treatment lasted more than 12 weeks, the daily dosage exceeded 2 grams (g), or the patients were over 60 years old.
May Support Heart Health
Berberine may support heart health through several mechanisms.
Clinical trials have found berberine effective at reducing blood lipid levels. This includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol, all of which are risk factors for heart disease.
Additionally, human and animal studies suggest that berberine may help improve heart function and prevent heart failure by regulating specific pathways in the body.
Berberine also shows promise in lowering blood pressure and protecting against the hardening of arterial walls and damage to blood vessel linings caused by high blood pressure.
When the arteries harden, it can eventually reduce or block blood flow, leading to various health complications, including heart attack and stroke.
However, it must be noted that evidence around berberine's effect on blood pressure is limited and of low quality, making it difficult to determine its effectiveness. Further human studies are needed.
Furthermore, a observational study showed that 1.2 to 2.0 g of berberine daily for 12 weeks was equally effective as amiodarone in controlling heart rate in people with atrial fibrillation (A-Fib).
A-fib is an irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, heart failure, stroke, and other heart-related health complications.
Keep in mind, though, that observational studies cannot prove cause and effect, so results should be interpreted with caution.
May Treat Canker Sores
Canker sores, or aphthous stomatitis, are small, painful sores that develop inside your mouth. Although they generally go away on their own, effective treatment options are limited.
One older randomized control trial in 84 people examined the effects of a berberine gel on mild canker sores. Participants were instructed to apply either the berberine gel or a placebo to a mouth ulcer four times daily for five days.
At the end of the study, participants who used berberine gel experienced improvements in pain ulcer size, redness, and fluid discharge.
PCOS Symptom Relief
PCOS is a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance. It can increase the risk for several chronic diseases and cause infertility, weight gain, irregular periods, and excess hair growth.
One randomized control trial examined the effects of 500 mg of berberine hydrochloride twice daily, 500 mg of metformin hydrochloride twice daily, and milligrams of myoinositol twice daily in 136 PCOS patients.
While metformin improved all aspects of the condition, berberine showed greater improvements in body composition, lipid profile, and hormone status. This suggests it may be more beneficial than metformin for reducing the risk of heart disease in individuals with PCOS.
Furthermore, a review of studies noted that berberine, compared to a placebo or no treatment, appears promising for improving ovulation and live pregnancy rates in PCOS patients. It may also help lower insulin resistance and reduce androgen (male sex hormone) levels, fasting blood sugar, and insulin levels.
However, due to limited research, additional studies are needed to evaluate the effect of berberine in improving fertility and pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients.
Other Potential Benefits
In addition to the potential health benefits listed above, some people use berberine to support:
How to Take Berberine
Berberine isn't found in everyday foods, so you must take a supplement if you want to add it to your diet.
Berberine supplements are sold in various forms, including capsules, tablets, liquid, and powder. Although less common, berberine can also be found in topical gels and eye drops. Berberine supplements can be purchased in health food stores, drug stores, or online.
There are no official recommendations on how to take berberine. However, most manufacturers recommend dividing the daily dose of berberine into three smaller doses, taken before meals.
When taken as recommended, it may take several weeks to several months to see health benefits.
Dosage
There is no established dosage for berberine supplements. However, most studies have shown benefits with doses between 0.4 and 2 g per day, taken for up to two years.
Further research is needed to determine the optimal for various health conditions.
Talk with your healthcare provider before taking berberine to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your specific needs.
Is Berberine Safe?
Berberine is generally well-tolerated with a good safety profile. It is considered safe for most healthy adults when used topically and taken in doses of up to 1.5 g daily for six months.
Berberine is thought to be unsafe during pregnancy, as it may cross the placenta and harm the developing fetus. Berberine is also not recommended while breastfeeding because it may be transferred to the infant through breast milk.
In newborn infants, berberine may cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin) and lead to a type of brain damage called kernicterus.
There aren't enough studies to determine the safety of berberine in children.
Potential Drug Interactions
While research is limited, berberine may interact with the following medications:
Berberine also has the potential to interact with herbs and other supplements that affect blood clotting, blood sugar levels, or blood pressure.
Berberine does not appear to interact with any foods.
If you take prescription medications or dietary supplements, talk with your healthcare provider to ensure no potential interactions occur.
What to Look For
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness before being sold.
When possible, choose a supplement from a manufacturer that utilizes third-party testing to ensure purity and that the product contains the ingredients listed on its label.
Reputable third-party organizations include USP, ConsumerLab, and NSF.
Plants naturally containing berberine should be avoided in the wild as they may be misidentified or contain other potentially unsafe compounds.
Can You Take Too Much Berberine?
While berberine is generally considered safe, taking too much may increase the risk of side effects and safety concerns.
Always take berberine as instructed on the product label or as recommended by your healthcare provider.
Side Effects of Berberine
While side effects of berberine are relatively uncommon, some clinical trials have reported mild gastrointestinal side effects, including:
Most of these side effects seem to resolve within the first four weeks of use.
A Quick Review
Berberine is a compound found in various plant species that shows promise in treating diabetes, high cholesterol, and PCOS, among other health conditions. It may work best when combined with traditional treatment methods.
Although generally considered safe, berberine has the potential to interact with certain supplements and medications. Therefore, it is important to talk with your healthcare provider before using berberine, especially if you have any health conditions or are taking prescription medications.
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