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Styrene-butadiene or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) describe families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene (the version developed by Goodyear is called Neolite[1]). These materials have good abrasion resistance and good aging stability when protected by additives. In , more than 5.4 million tonnes of SBR were processed worldwide.[2] About 50% of car tires are made from various types of SBR. The styrene/butadiene ratio influences the properties of the polymer: with high styrene content, the rubbers are harder and less rubbery.[3] SBR is not to be confused with the thermoplastic elastomer, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, although being derived from the same monomers.
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SBR is derived from two monomers, styrene and butadiene. The mixture of these two monomers is polymerized by two processes: from solution (S-SBR) or as an emulsion (E-SBR).[4] E-SBR is more widely used.
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E-SBR produced by emulsion polymerization is initiated by free radicals. Reaction vessels are typically charged with the two monomers, a free radical generator, and a chain transfer agent such as an alkyl mercaptan. Radical initiators include potassium persulfate and hydroperoxides in combination with ferrous salts. Emulsifying agents include various soaps. By "capping" the growing organic radicals, mercaptans (e.g. dodecylthiol), control the molecular weight of the product. Typically, polymerizations are allowed to proceed only to ca. 70%, a method called "short stopping". In this way, various additives can be removed from the polymer.[3]
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Solution-SBR is produced by an anionic polymerization process. Polymerization is initiated by alkyl lithium compounds. Water and oxygen are strictly excluded. The process is homogeneous (all components are dissolved), which provides greater control over the process, allowing tailoring of the polymer. The organolithium compound adds to one of the monomers , generating a carbanion that then adds to another monomer, and so on. For tire manufacture, S-SBR is increasingly favored because it offers improved wet grip and reduced rolling resistance, which translate to greater safety and better fuel economy, respectively.[5]
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The material was initially marketed with the brand name Buna S. Its name derives Bu for butadiene and Na for sodium (natrium in several languages including Latin, German, and Dutch), and S for styrene.[6][7][5] Buna S is an addition copolymer.
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An SBR chainStyrene-butadiene is a commodity material which competes with natural rubber. The elastomer is used widely in pneumatic tires. This application mainly calls for E-SBR, although S-SBR is growing in popularity. Other uses include shoe heels and soles, gaskets, and even chewing gum.[3]
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Latex (emulsion) SBR is extensively used in coated papers, being one of the cheapest resins to bind pigmented coatings. In , more than half (54%) of all used dry binders consisted of SB-based latexes.[8] This amounted for roughly 1.2 million tonnes.
It is also used in building applications, as a sealing and binding agent behind renders as an alternative to PVA, but is more expensive. In the latter application, it offers better durability, reduced shrinkage and increased flexibility, as well as being resistant to emulsification in damp conditions.
SBR is often used as part of cement based substructural (basement)waterproofing systems where as a liquid it is mixed with water to form the Gauging solution for mixing the powdered Tanking material to a slurry. SBR aids the bond strength, reduces the potential for shrinkage and adds an element of flexibility.
It is also used by speaker driver manufacturers as the material for low damping rubber surrounds.
Additionally, it is used in some rubber cutting boards.
SBR is also used as a binder in lithium-ion battery electrodes, in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose as a water-based alternative for, e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride.[9]
Styrene-butane rubber is also used in gasketed-plate heat exchangers. It is used at moderate temperature up to 85 deg C, (358 K) for aqueous systems.[10]
SBS Filaments[11] also exist for FDM 3D printing
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SBR is a replacement for natural rubber. It was originally developed prior to World War II in Germany by chemist Walter Bock in .[12] Industrial manufacture began during World War II, and was used extensively by the U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program to produce Government Rubber-Styrene (GR-S); to replace the Southeast Asian supply of natural rubber which, under Japanese occupation, was unavailable to Allied nations.[13][14]
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High: 212°F / 100°C Low: -50°F / -46°C
SBR (Styrene butadiene) rubber is one of the first synthetic rubber materials ever invented. It has many of the same properties as natural rubber, but is petroleum-based rather than latex-based.
During World War II, natural rubber was needed for production of wartime materials like tires, tank treads, wire insulation and hoses and gaskets. As most natural rubber trees were found on islands controlled by Japan and the Axis powers, the government sponsored a research and development push to find a viable alternative to natural rubber for both wartime and consumer products.
This R&D push eventually established Neoprene and SBR rubbers as usable materials for rubber product production. Today SBR rubber is most often used in combination with natural rubber rather than as a substitute.
If SBR rubber is the ideal material for your application, give Custom Rubber a call. Even if you aren&#;t certain, our team of experts can help guide you. Contact Custom Rubber Corp. for answers to your natural rubber questions.
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SBR rubber has excellent abrasion characteristics and reasonably good tear and elongation properties. A full list of advantages of SBR rubber includes:SBR rubber has disadvantages similar to natural rubber. They both demonstrate poor oil and ozone resistance. Other disadvantages of SBR rubber include:The following questions regarding SBR rubber applications, properties and uses are frequently asked by our customers. Custom Rubber Corp. is here to provide answers and assist in your decision making process.While SBR rubber was designed as a synthetic alternative to natural rubber, and both materials share many of the same properties, SBR has some slight advantages. Mainly, SBR rubber has better ozone resistance and temperature capabilities.Most of the time SBR rubber and natural rubber are combined because they tend to work better together than apart. But in most cases you could choose either one in your application and the finished part would turn out basically the same.There are specific cases in which one may be better than another, but they are rare. The Custom Rubber Corp. team can help you determine if your product lands in one of those rare cases. SBR rubber is man-made, derived from a byproduct of oil refining. It involves polymerizing Styrene and Butadiene in a controlled setting, then adding curatives and fillers like sulfur and carbon black. The resulting material is then cured or vulcanized to make a rubber part.There are two types of SBR rubber. Their difference is in the manufacturing process used to create them.An overwhelming majority of the time, SBR rubber is mixed with natural rubber and used to create tires, shoe soles, lacrosse balls and other products that need tough tear and abrasion resistance. At Custom Rubber Corp., we often use SBR rubber in the production of bumpers, rollers and brake and pedal pads.Products commonly made of SBR rubber include:This question is common in relation to synthetic rubbers. However, just because a material is synthetic does not mean it&#;s toxic. In fact, it is possible to formulate SBR rubber with all FDA-approved ingredients.SBR rubber will likely harden overtime, but the rate at which it hardens and how long it lasts depends on original formulation and the end product&#;s storage and application.SBR rubber can be formulated to be burn resistant by adding flame retardants, but typically it will burn. It has a fairly high ignition temperature, meaning temperature must be extremely hot to get it to burn. Once it does start, the resulting fire is extremely hot and hard to put out. Because these fires are so hard to put out, it&#;s often catastrophic when SBR rubber does catch fire, especially on a large scale. Tire fires have been known to devastate rubber and vehicle manufacturing plants.SBR rubber can be formulated to stretch. Generally speaking, the lower rubber&#;s hardness on the durometer scale, the more it will stretch. SBR rubber formulated with low durometer will usually be stretchier than higher durometer formulations.The biggest consumer of natural rubber and SBR rubber is the car and truck tire industry, which makes tires out of a combination of both types. The ratio of natural to SBR can be shifted around in either direction with similar end results.Because of this close relationship and flexibility in formulation, most manufacturers can change their process to add more of one type of rubber based on current market prices. When natural rubber prices go up due to a shortage, more SBR is used in formulation, which also changes the price of SBR. At the end of the day, pricing is too volatile and dependent on natural rubber to give a concrete answer to this question.Neoprene is a trade name, with the general name Chloroprene, abbreviated to CR. Though both are synthetic rubber types, the main differences between Chloroprene and SBR rubber are:Because SBR rubber has poor oil resistance, any solvent-based fluid tends to dissolve SBR rubber. Liquids like turpentine, MEK or any oil-based liquid would most likely work.Common SBR rubber fillers include:Note that the cure agent, typically sulfur, is a key ingredient to any SBR rubber formulation, but it is not considered to be a filler. Sulfur is instead considered a catalyst.The Custom Rubber Corp. team has extensive experience in helping customers formulate SBR based rubber for their application and then designing parts that are manufacturable while meeting customer needs.
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