They&#;re used for everything from preemployment screening and random or period testing to post-accident testing. Some police forces also use saliva drug tests for roadside drug testing when they suspect someone&#;s driving under the influence of marijuana or other substances.
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Saliva tests are being used more often as an alternative to urine drug tests . They&#;re easier to administer. The samples, which are collected in full view of the person administering the test, are almost impossible to tamper with.
A mouth swab drug test is a screening test used to detect substance use. It&#;s also referred to as a saliva drug test or oral fluids drug test.
They don&#;t require much preparation either, though you&#;ll usually be told not to eat or drink anything for 10 minutes before the test.
All mouth swab drug tests are completed using the same basic steps:
The mouth swab drug test is the least invasive method of drug testing. No needle pokes or peeing in a cup required.
The substances a saliva drug test can detect depend on the test being used. They can be used to test for any one of these substances individually or in a combination when using a multi-panel drug test :
It depends on a few factors, including the sensitivity of the test being used, the type of substance being tested, and how much has been used.
Some devices are more sensitive than others. Some substances are detectable for longer periods than others.
How long a person&#;s been using the substance can also affect detection time. Research shows that substances are detectable for longer periods in people who frequently use a substance.
Substances are typically detectable in oral fluid within about 30 minutes of ingestion. This is much faster than other tests. The short time frame makes them especially effective for screening after an accident or in reasonable suspicion situations.
The general detection window in oral fluids is 5 to 48 hours, but again, that window can be longer for people who use a substance often or for a long period of time.
A mouth swab drug test screens for substances in your system, such as illicit drugs, prescription medications, alcohol, or marijuana. The test is performed using an oral swab that collects saliva.
Results of swab drug tests, also known as saliva drug tests or oral fluids drug tests, are often available within minutes. While used less often than urine testing, saliva screenings are common, and the results are considered highly accurate.
A variety of drugs and substances can be detected by a mouth swab test. However, it's important to understand the limitations of these tests and your legal rights when you're being tested.
Peter Dazeley / Getty Images.
How Does a Mouth Swab Drug Test Work?
An oral fluid test is quick and easy. You may have the screening done at a lab or testing site, but this kind of test can also be done on the roadside by a police officer.
To ensure accurate results, follow these steps.
If you suffer from dry mouth or have difficulty generating enough saliva, the tester can give you water, which you can drink or use to rinse your mouth. You will then need to wait 10 minutes before the sample can be collected.
Certain foods or drinks can change the pH (acid-base) level of saliva and can alter the test results, potentially causing a false positive or false negative result. This includes vinegar, citrus, bicarbonate, fruit juices, and salt. Even chewing gum needs to be avoided to ensure that the results are not tainted.
Home testing kids are also available. You need to follow the instructions for these carefully. In some instances, you may need to complete the self-test under supervision.
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When Are Mouth Swab Drug Tests Used?
Saliva drug tests are quick and easy ways to check for drug use or monitor health. They are commonly used for the following situations:
Employers and healthcare facilities often use saliva tests because there are several benefits over other types of drug screenings, including urine tests, blood draws, and hair analyses. These advantages include:
What Do Oral Fluid Screenings Test For?
Mouth swab drug tests can detect a variety of different substances. The following are among the things that might show up in a mouth swab screen:
How Accurate Is a Mouth Swab Drug Test?
If the mouth swab drug test is performed correctly, the test can be highly accurate, sporting a sensitivity of up to 100% and a specificity of 86% for certain drugs. (Sensitivity refers to the percentage of correct positive results, while specificity refers to the percentage of correct negative results.)
It is still possible for some tests to give inaccurate readings. For instance, false positive rates for oral fluid screenings for cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioids are between 3% and 7%.
Also, some drugs are not well detected by the current generation of tests. The drugs for which saliva-based tests are least accurate are benzodiazepines and amphetamines,
Factors Influencing Results
In addition to eating and drinking before the test, there are other factors that can influence the accuracy of saliva testing, such as:
How Long After Use Can a Drug Be Detected?
In many cases, a drug can be detected in saliva as early as one hour after a dose. Thereafter, substances can remain detectable from several hours to several days before gradually dropping to undetectable levels. In general, drugs stay in saliva anywhere from five to 48 hours.
The following are the average windows for when drugs are detectable in oral fluid.
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